Krukovich / Prusakov / Sizov Plasticity of Boronized Layers

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-40012-9
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 237, 369 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Springer Series in Materials Science

This book presents the physico-technical basis and current state of the technology of boronized layers. Special attention is given to the layer structure and morphology of allocated phases and distributions in a superficial zone of chemical compounds. Two- and multi-component phases of alloys and diffusion processes in a self-organizing mode are discussed. Surface hardening by boronizing increases the life time of mechanical tools. This is important for the mining industry, agriculture, textile and chemical industry. The book is important for thermochemical treatment and surface hardening of metals and alloys.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Krukovich, M. G.

Prusakov, B. A

Sizov, I. G

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface to the English Edition;6
2;Contents;8
3;1 Introduction;13
3.1;Reference;14
4;2 General Classification of Boriding Processes;15
4.1;Abstract;15
4.2;2.1 Plain: The Mechanism of Saturating Atoms Generation;19
4.3;2.2 Plain: Technological Specifics;20
4.4;2.3 Plain: Phase Composition, Structure and Properties;22
4.5;2.4 Plain: Processing Temperature and Usage;22
4.6;References;23
5;3 The Components and Phases of Systems ‘Boron-Iron’ and ‘Boron-Carbon-Iron’;24
5.1;Abstract;24
5.2;3.1 Boron (B);25
5.3;3.2 Carbon (C);25
5.4;3.3 Iron (Fe);26
5.5;3.4 Boron Solid Solution in Iron;26
5.6;3.5 Iron Borides;28
5.7;References;30
6;4 The Equilibrium Diagram of ‘Boron-Iron’ Binary System;33
6.1;Abstract;33
6.2;4.1 The Evolution of the Equilibrium Diagram at High Concentrations of Boron ( greaterthan 0.25%);34
6.3;4.2 The Evolution of the Equilibrium Diagram at Low Boron Concentrations ( lessthan 0.25%);38
6.4;4.3 The Complete Equilibrium Diagram of Fe-B Binary System;40
6.4.1;4.3.1 Marder’s Diagram;42
6.4.2;4.3.2 Tylkina and Bochvar’s Diagram;43
6.4.3;4.3.3 The Scheme of the Complete Equilibrium Diagram (Including the Formation of Fe3B and FeB2 Borides);44
6.5;References;47
7;5 Multicomponent Equilibrium Diagrams Used in Boriding Treatments of Steels and Alloys;49
7.1;Abstract;49
7.2;5.1 The Equilibrium Diagram of ‘B-C-Fe’ Triple System;50
7.3;5.2 Three-Component Diagrams of Boron-Containing Transition Metals;54
7.4;5.3 Four- and Five-Component Equilibrium Diagram Schemes for the Alloys Used in Boriding;58
7.4.1;5.3.1 The Principles of Building Multi-Component Equilibrium Diagram Schemes in Traditional Coordinates;59
7.4.2;5.3.2 Building the Equilibrium Diagram Scheme &!blank;for Fe–Cr-Ni-B;62
7.4.3;5.3.3 Building the Equilibrium Diagram Scheme &!blank;for Cr-Mo-Fe-W-B;66
7.5;References;73
8;6 Plasticity as the Key to the Durability of Boronized Layers;75
8.1;Abstract;75
8.2;6.1 The Classification of Boronized Layers by Their Plasticity;76
8.3;6.2 Evaluation Methods Applied to the Plasticity (Brittleness) of Boronized Layers;81
8.4;References;89
9;7 The Formation Conditions for Boride and Boronized Layers and Their Influence on the Layers’ Plasticity;91
9.1;Abstract;91
9.2;7.1 The Formation Mechanism for Saturating Boron Atoms in Ionic Melted Mediums;94
9.3;7.2 The Formation Mechanism for Saturating Boron Atoms in Ionic Gaseous Mediums;100
9.4;7.3 The Formation Mechanism for Saturating Boron Atoms in Solid Mediums;102
9.5;7.4 The Mechanism of Mass Transfer in Mediums Containing Atomic Boron;105
9.6;7.5 The Stages of Boriding and the Control Over the Speed of Their Progress;106
9.7;7.6 The Formation Mechanism for Diffusive Boronized Layers in Steels;113
9.7.1;7.6.1 The Diffusion Formation Mechanism for Boronized Layers;114
9.7.2;7.6.2 The Diffusion-Crystallization Formation Mechanism for Boronized Layers;115
9.8;7.7 Gas Formation Patterns in Boriding;117
9.9;References;118
10;8 Methods of Reducing the Brittleness of Boronized Layers: The Parameters of Boriding Technology Aimed at Determining the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;121
10.1;Abstract;121
10.2;8.1 Methods of Reducing the Brittleness of Boride Phases in Layers;122
10.3;8.2 The Formation Peculiarities of the Transition Zone and Its Influence on the Properties;125
10.4;8.3 The Parameters of the Technological Process Which Determine the Plasticity of Boronized Layers in Steels;131
10.4.1;8.3.1 The Connection Between the Composition of Gaseous Mediums and the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;132
10.4.2;8.3.2 The Connection Between Non-contact Processing Conditions in Gaseous Mediums and the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;136
10.4.3;8.3.3 The Influence of the Conditions of Contact Saturation in Gaseous Mediums on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;151
10.4.4;8.3.4 The Influence of Saturation Conditions in Liquid Mediums on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;175
10.4.5;8.3.5 The Influence of Processing Conditions on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers at the Atomic State of the Medium;190
10.4.6;8.3.6 The Influence of Additional Processing on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;192
10.5;References;194
11;9 The Structure Compositeness as the Foundation for the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;207
11.1;Abstract;207
11.2;9.1 Laser Boriding;209
11.2.1;9.1.1 Peculiarities of Boriding with Laser Heating;209
11.2.2;9.1.2 The Influence of Laser Heating on the Structure of Boronized Layers;209
11.3;9.2 Electron-Beam Boriding;211
11.3.1;9.2.1 The Peculiarities of Boriding with Electron-Beam Heating;211
11.3.2;9.2.2 The Influence of Electron-Beam Heating on the Structure of Boronized Layers;213
11.3.3;9.2.3 The Mechanical Properties of Boronized Layers with Composite Structure;228
11.4;References;233
12;10 The Connection Between the Plasticity of Boronized Layers and the Mechanical and Exploitation Properties of Boronized Steels;238
12.1;Abstract;238
12.2;10.1 The Generation Pattern for the Hardness of One-Phase and Multiple-Phase Structures in Boronized Layers;239
12.3;10.2 The Pattern for the Stress State Formation in Boronized Layers;243
12.4;10.3 The Pattern for the Brittleness Formation in Boronized Layers;248
12.5;10.4 The Wear-Resistance of Boronized Layers;251
12.5.1;10.4.1 The Wear Process Pattern for Boronized Layers in Sliding Friction Conditions;256
12.5.2;10.4.2 The Behavior Pattern of Boronized Steels in Abrasive Wear Conditions;259
12.6;10.5 The Thermal Fatigue Resistance and Scale Resistance in Boronized Layers;261
12.7;10.6 The Corrosion and Corrosion-Mechanical Fracture of Boronized Layers;263
12.8;10.7 The Mechanical Properties of Boronized Steels;271
12.9;References;275
13;11 Modeling the Formation of Diffusive Boronized Layers and Their Wear-Resistance;277
13.1;Abstract;277
13.2;11.1 Modeling the Formation of Diffusive Boride Layers;282
13.3;11.2 Modeling the Growth Kinetics of Diffusive Boride Layers;284
13.4;11.3 Modelling the Wear Processes of Boronized Layers;288
13.5;References;291
14;12 The Prospective Boriding Technologies Guaranteeing the Improvements in the Plasticity of Layers;293
14.1;Abstract;293
14.2;12.1 The Technological Specifics of Boriding Processes;294
14.2.1;12.1.1 The Preparation for the Surface Hardening;294
14.2.2;12.1.2 The Specifics of Boriding in Powder Mixtures;298
14.2.3;12.1.3 The Specifics of Boriding in Liquid Mediums;300
14.2.4;12.1.4 The Specifics of Boriding in Compact Materials (Coatings);302
14.2.5;12.1.5 The Specifics of Gaseous Medium Boriding;303
14.2.6;12.1.6 Methods for Intensifying Diffusion Saturation;304
14.3;12.2 Other Methods of Boriding;305
14.3.1;12.2.1 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD-Processes);306
14.4;References;307
15;13 The Use of Boriding Processes in the Industrial Treatment of Details and Tools;308
15.1;Abstract;308
16;14 The Development of the Theory and Practice of Boriding;318
16.1;Abstract;318
16.2;14.1 The Classification of Boriding Processes;320
16.3;14.2 The Components and Phases of Systems ‘Boron–Iron’ and ‘Boron–Carbon–Iron’;321
16.4;14.3 The Equilibrium Diagram of ‘Boron–Iron’ Binary System;322
16.5;14.4 Multicomponent Equilibrium Diagrams Used in Boriding Treatments of Steels and Alloys;322
16.6;14.5 Plasticity as the Key to the Durability of Boronized Layers;324
16.7;14.6 The Formation Conditions for Boride and Boronized Layers and Their Influence on the Layers’ Plasticity;325
16.8;14.7 Methods of Reducing the Brittleness of Boronized Layers. The Parameters of Boriding Technology Aimed at Determining the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;326
16.9;14.8 The Structure Compositeness as the Foundation for the Plasticity of Boronized Layers;335
16.10;14.9 The Connection Between the Plasticity of Boronized Layers and the Mechanical and Exploitation Properties of Boronized Steels;336
16.11;14.10 Modeling the Formation of Diffusive Boronized Layers and Their Wear-Resistance;337
16.12;14.11 The Prospective Boriding Technologies Guaranteeing the Improvements in the Plasticity of Layers;341
16.13;14.12 The Use of Boriding Processes in the Industrial Treatment of Details and Tools;342
16.14;References;343
17;Appendix A: The Calculation of Eutectic Temperatures and Concentrations in Two- and Multi-phase Systems;347
18;Appendix B: Terms Used for Describing Boriding Processes in Accordance with the Classification Scheme;361
19;Index;368

Preface.- The general classification scheme of boronizing.- Components and phases in systems a boron-iron and a boron-carbon-iron.- The phase equilibrium diagram of binary system iron-pine boron.- The multicomponent phase equilibrium diagrams used at boronizing steels and alloys.- Plasticity – a durability basis boronized layers.- Formation conditions boride and boronized the layers, defining their plasticity.- Ways of decrease in fragility boronized layers and the parameters of technological process defining their plasticity.- Composite structure – a plasticity basis of boronized layer.- Interrelation of plasticity boronized layers with the mechanical and working properties boronized steels.- Modeling of process of formation diffusive boronized layers and their wear resistance.- Perspective technologies of boronizing, providing the raised plasticity of layers.- Application of processes boronizing in the industry for treatment of details and tools.