Fundamentals of Geobiology

1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4051-8752-7
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 456 Seiten, Format (B × H): 220 mm x 277 mm, Gewicht: 1356 g

For more than fifty years scientists have been concerned with the interrelationships of Earth and life. Over the past decade, however, geobiology - the name given to this interdisciplinary endeavour - has emerged as an exciting and rapidly expanding field, fuelled by advances in molecular phylogeny, a new microbial ecology made possible by the molecular revolution, increasingly sophisticated new techniques for imaging and determining chemical compositions of solids on nanometer scales, the development of non-traditional stable isotope analyses, Earth systems science and Earth system history, and accelerating exploration of other planets within and beyond our solar system.

Geobiology has many faces: there is the microbial weathering of minerals, bacterial and skeletal biomineralization, the roles of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms in elemental cycling, the redox history in the oceans and its relationship to evolution and the origin of life itself.

This book is the first to set out a coherent set of principles that underpin geobiology, and will act as a foundational text that will speed the dissemination of those principles. The chapters have been carefully chosen to provide intellectually rich but concise summaries of key topics, and each has been written by one or more of the leading scientists in that field.

Fundamentals of Geobiology is aimed at advanced undergraduates and graduates in the Earth and biological sciences, and to the growing number of scientists worldwide who have an interest in this burgeoning new discipline.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Knoll, Andrew H

Canfield, Don E

Konhauser, Kurt O

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geographie | Raumplanung Biogeographie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Ökologie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Angewandte Ökologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Introduction.

General introduction to the emerging field of geobiology, including an explanation of the book's major segments (process, tools and applications, historical geobiology), and a geobiological phylogeny of life -- much like the "geological periodic table" published recently.

Geobiological Processes:.

2. The carbon cycle: biological loops -.

-primary producers and controls on primary production.

-marine.

-global patterns.

-primary contributors.

-nutrient and trace element limitation.

-CO2 limitation and carbon compensation mechanisms.

-light and the deep chlorophyll maximum.

-the microbial loop and the viral loop.

-terrestrial.

-global patterns.

-water availability.

-nutrient availability and access.

-biological remineralization of organic molecules: respirers and other heterotrophs.

-trophic levels.

-export production.

-electron acceptors and carbon mineralization.

-secondary production and efficiency of energy utilization.

3. The carbon cycle: geological loops.

- inorganic carbon ions and molecules: production and preservation.

- controls on organic carbon preservation.

- regeneration of carbon dioxide.

-subduction, metamorphism.

-weathering (both IC and OC).

-ocean chemistry over Phanerozoic time.

-pH.

-calcite/aragonite oceans.

.

4. The N cycle.

-nitrogen as a biological molecule and nutrient.

-N2 fixation.

-biochemical aspects.

-phylogenic aspects.

-importance of and controls in the ocean.

-importance of and controls on land.

-Denitrification/Nitrate ammonification.

-biochemical aspects.

-phylogenetic aspects.

-importance of and controls in the aquatic systems.

- Nitrification and Anammox.

-biochemical aspects.

-phylogenetic aspects.

-importance of and controls in aquatic systems.

-summary of N cycle in the oceans (and on land?).

5. The S cycle.

-S as a biological molecule and nutrient.

-sulfate reduction.

-biochemical aspects.

-phylogenic aspects.

-importance of and controls in aquatic systems.

-sulfide oxidation.

-nonphotosynthetic pathways.

-photosynthetic pathways.

-summary of S cycle in the oceans.

6. The Fe cycle.

-Fe as a biological molecule and nutrient.

-Fe reduction.

-biochemical aspects.

-phylogenic aspects.

-Fe availability.

-siderophores.

-Pili.

-importance of and controls in aquatic systems.

-Fe oxidation.

-non-phototrophic.

-phototrophic.

-A word about Mn.

7. The O cycle.

-O2 production: photosynthesis.

-coupled photosystems and function of the oxygen evolving apparatus -a few words on the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.

-review of photosynthetic rates in ocean and on land.

-distribution of O2 in the oceans.

-O2 consumption.

-oxygen respiration.

-biochemistry.

-phylogeny.

-kinetics.

-oxygen in marine sediments.

-distribution.

-importance in carbon mineralization.

-reduced species oxidation.

-weathering.

-reactions.

-kinetics.

-oxygen control over geologic time.

8. Geobiology of P and trace nutrients.

-Biological requirements for P, Mo, Cu, V, Zn and other trace nutrients.

-Availability in the oceans: sources and sinks.

-Phosphate remineralization under oxic and anoxic conditions.

-Availability in soils.

-Redox sensitivity of trace metals and its implications for bioavailability.

9. Bacterial biomineralization.

- cell surface reactivity.

- metal sorption, nucleation and crystal growth.

- induced vs controlled pathways.

- examples: Fe oxyhydroxides, carbonates, silica, pyrite.

10. Eukaryotic skeleton formation.

- the functional biology and phylogenetic distribution of mineralized skeletons.

- how organisms control mineralization.

- CaCO3 skeletons: illustrated by E. huxleyi, echinoderms, bivalves.

- Ca-phosphate skeletons: illustrated by humans.

- SiO2 skeletons: illustrated by diatom

Über Autor(innen)

Knoll, Andrew H
Andrew H. Knoll is the Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard University. A paleontologist by training, he has worked for three decades to understand the environmental history of Earth and, more recently, Mars. Knoll is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

Canfield, Don E
Donald E. Canfield is Professor of Ecology at the University of Southern Denmark and Director of the Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE). Canfield uses the study of modern microbes and microbial ecosystems to understand the evolution of Earth surface chemistry and biology through time. Canfield is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

Konhauser, Kurt O
Kurt O. Konhauser is a Professor of Geomicrobiology at the University of Alberta. He is Editor-in-Chief for the journal, Geobiology, and author of the textbook, Introduction to Geomicrobiology. His research focuses on metal-mineral-microbe interactions in both modern and ancient environments.

Andrew H. Knoll is the Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard University. A paleontologist by training, he has worked for three decades to understand the environmental history of Earth and, more recently, Mars. Knoll is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

Donald E. Canfield is Professor of Ecology at the University of Southern Denmark and Director of the Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE). Canfield uses the study of modern microbes and microbial ecosystems to understand the evolution of Earth surface chemistry and biology through time. Canfield is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

Kurt O. Konhauser is a Professor of Geomicrobiology at the University of Alberta. He is Editor-in-Chief for the journal, Geobiology, and author of the textbook, Introduction to Geomicrobiology. His research focuses on metal-mineral-microbe interactions in both modern and ancient environments.