Johnston / Muir / Howard Eliminating Serious Injury and Death from Road Transport

A Crisis of Complacency
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4822-0826-9
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 199 Seiten

Listen: Ian Johnston busts the bad behavior myth.

Should we really accept road trauma as collateral damage from daily road use? Eliminating Serious Injury and Death from Road Transport: A Crisis of Complacency explores why societies and their elected leaders view traffic safety as a (relatively) minor problem. It examines the changes in the culture of road use that need to occur if this public health problem is to be effectively resolved.

- Examines why road use culture is ego-centric ("what’s in it for me?") and why this blocks progress

- Explores current traffic safety measurement methods and demonstrates how they have underpinned our flawed approach

- Discusses the controversial issue of speed and speeding and shows how a new approach to speed management will be fundamental to transformational change

- Details a simple account of the concept of a "Safe System" (as now promoted by the WHO and the OECD) while exploring the failure to get beyond the principles to extensive implementation

The book dispels the myths that currently drive societies’ (misguided) view of traffic safety—the bad behavior myth and the official myth that everything that can be done is being done—and how these myths limit progress in reducing death and serious injury. It presents current scientific knowledge and draws parallels with other areas of public safety and health. The book draws on examples from the media and from public policy debates to paint a clear picture of a flawed public policy approach. It presents a model for a preventive medicine approach to traffic safety policy to get beyond an ego-centric culture to a communal safety culture.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Johnston, Ian Ronald

Muir, Carlyn

Howard, Eric William

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Politische Systeme Verwaltungswissenschaft, Öffentliche Verwaltung
• Technische Wissenschaften Bauingenieurwesen Verkehrsingenieurwesen, Verkehrsplanung
• Technische Wissenschaften Verkehrstechnik | Transportgewerbe Verkehrstechnologie: Allgemeines
• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Technische Zuverlässigkeit, Sicherheitstechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Eliminating Serious Injury and Death from Road Transport Is Not a Pipe Dream

Serious Crashes Happen to Real People
Noel and Jan’s Story
Sam’s Story
Abbey’s Story
Three Stories among Tens of Thousands

The Way We View Safety Is a Big Part of the Problem
International Concern is Focussed on the Motorising World, Not on "Us"
Should We Measure Safety as Actual Numbers or as Rates?
Why Do We (Mostly) Rely on Death Counts and Death Rates?
Transport Safety Rate
Personal Safety Rate
So What Measure Should We Use?
How Much Risk Is Too Much?

The Car in Society
Car Dependence and Its Legacy
Car Culture
Driving Culture—Right versus Responsibility
Risk-Taking Behaviour
Prevailing Culture of Blame
Vested Interests and the Rise of "Anecdata"
Celebrity Culture
Overall Cultural Context

Brief History of How and Why Science Takes a Back Seat
Stages of Official Thinking about Traffic Safety
Basic Approaches to Injury Prevention

Evolution of Safe System Thinking
Inherent Unsafety of Our Present Road Use System
Everyday Error versus Blameworthy Behaviour
Decision-Making Context for Public Policy Development
Making Trade-Off Decisions
Safe System Approach
Institutional Management Really Matters

Serious Crashes Have Impacts Way Beyond Those Injured
Richard’s Story
Kate’s Story

Approaching Traffic Safety as Preventive Medicine
WIFM, Freedom of Choice, and the Dilemma of the Commons
Place for a Preventive Medicine Approach
Institutions, Vested Interests, and Policy Decision Making
What Can We Learn from Occupational Safety?
Safe Behaviour, Safety Climate, and Safety Culture

Speed Moderation: The Most Difficult Issue of All
Why Is Speed So Critical?
Speed and Crash Likelihood
Why Is Kinetic Energy So Important?
Extant Speed Limits and Current Levels of Protection
Safe Vehicles and Safe Speeds
Safe Roads, Roadsides, and Safe Speeds
Safe Road Users and Safe Speeds
How, Then, Do We Set Speed Limits?
Social Context of Speed Behaviour
How Might We Achieve Widespread Speed Moderation?
Conclusion

Confronting Complacency
Why Traffic Safety Lacks Both a Coherent Constituency and Committed Leadership by Government
Understanding the Challenges

Six Vital Steps toward Zero
Time for a New Focus
Constituency
Committed Leadership
Climate of Safety
Capacity Building
Cooperation and Coordination
Courageous Patience
References
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Dr. Ian Ronald Johnston is a psychologist with a PhD in human factors. He has worked in the transport field, specialising in transport safety, for over 40 years. He worked in the Australian government’s inaugural road safety unit in the 1970s, headed the Victorian government’s road safety unit in the 1980s, was managing director of Australia’s premier transport research organisation in the 1990s, and was director of the world-renowned Monash University Accident Research Centre until his retirement (from full-time work) in 2006. Dr. Johnston now runs his own consultancy specialising in helping government and industry develop and implement safety strategies. He is also deputy chair of Australia’s National Transport Commission and a member of the Core Advisory Group of the World Bank’s Global Road Safety Facility. He was a member of Australia’s National Road Safety Council for the 3 years of its existence. Dr. Johnston has published extensively in the field and has received several awards for his work, ncluding being made a member of the Order of Australia in 1997.

Dr. Carlyn Muir is a research fellow at the Monash Injury Research Institute, which incorporates the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC). She is a psychologist whose doctoral research examined driver licensing policy for people following brain injury. She has been involved in the development and review of public health policy not only from a research perspective, but also through direct policy implementation within state health services. Dr. Muir’s current research involves the design and implementation of a range of injury prevention and public health projects, with a focus on community health and safety, policy, and evaluation. She has published journal articles, book chapters, and government reports across the community safety space.

Since 2006 Eric William Howard has operated a strategic road safety consultancy that provides advisory services to clients including the World Bank, Global Road Safety Partnership, AusAID, PIARC, OECD/ITF, international NGOs, and overseas and Australian national and state governments and corporations. Howard was general manager of road safety for VicRoads, the lead role in the Victorian government, for 7 years. He was also a member of the Ministerial Road Safety Council and the National Road Safety Task Force following a career as a local government CEO and senior engineering manager for 24 years. His experience in public health includes 4 years as a board vice president of Mercy Hospital for Women, a leading teaching hospital in Melbourne. Howard chaired the OECD/ITF working group, which developed the “Towards Zero: Ambitious Targets and Safe System Approach” report, published in 2008; he was principal author for the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration–sponsored Speed Management Manual published in March 2008; and he was the independent chair of the Western Australian Parliamentarians’ Road Safety Reference Group from 2008 to 2011. He chairs a number of road safety task forces for the New South Wales government and he is co-chair of the 33,900—the Australian Road Safety Collaboration.