Jefferies / Been Soil Liquefaction

A Critical State Approach, Second Edition
2. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4822-1367-6
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 712 Seiten

A Rigorous and Definitive Guide to Soil Liquefaction

Soil liquefaction occurs when soil loses much of its strength or stiffness for a time—usually a few minutes or less—and which may then cause structural failure, financial loss, and even death. It can occur during earthquakes, from static loading, or even from traffic-induced vibration. It occurs worldwide and affects soils ranging from gravels to silts.

From Basic Physical Principles to Engineering Practice

Soil Liquefaction has become widely cited. It is built on the principle that liquefaction can, and must, be understood from mechanics. This second edition is developed from this premise in three respects: with the inclusion of silts and sandy silts commonly encountered as mine tailings, by an extensive treatment of cyclic mobility and the cyclic simple shear test, and through coverage from the "element" scale seen in laboratory testing to the evaluation of "boundary value problems" of civil and mining engineering. As a mechanics-based approach is necessarily numerical, detailed derivations are provided for downloadable open-code software (in both Excel/VBA and C++) including code verifications and validations. The "how-to-use" aspects have been expanded as a result of many conversations with other engineers, and these now cover the derivation of soil properties from laboratory testing through to assessing the in situ state by processing the results of cone penetration testing. Downloadable software is supplied on www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482213683

- Includes derivations in detail so that the origin of the equations is apparent

- Provides samples of source code so that the reader can see how complex-looking differentials actually have pretty simple form

- Offers a computable constitutive model in accordance with established plasticity theory

- Contains case histories of liquefaction

- Makes available downloads and source data on the CRC Press website

Soil Liquefaction: A Critical State Approach, Second Edition continues to cater to a wide range of readers, from graduate students through to engineering practice.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jefferies, Mike

Been, Ken

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geologie
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geophysik
• Technische Wissenschaften Bauingenieurwesen Technische Dynamik (Modalanalyse), Erdbebensicherheit

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
What is this book about?
Why a critical-state view?
Experience of liquefaction
Outline of the development of ideas
Dilatancy and the state parameter
Framework for soil behaviour
State parameter approach
Evaluating soil behaviour with the state parameter
Determining the critical state
Uniqueness of the CSL
Soil properties
Plane strain tests for soil behaviour
General soil behaviour from triaxial properties
Constitutive modelling for liquefaction
Introduction
Historical background
Representing the critical state
Cambridge view
State parameter view
NorSand constitutive model
Comparison of NorSand to experimental data
Commentary on aspects of NorSand
Determining state parameter in situ
Introduction
SPT versus CPT
Inverse problem: A simple framework
Calibration chambers
Stress normalization
Determining ψ from CPT
Moving from calibration chambers to real sands
Elasticity in situ
Horizontal geostatic stress
Alternative in situ tests to the CPT
Commentary on state determination using the CPT
Soil variability and characteristic states
Introduction
Effect of loose pockets on performance
Effect of variability of in situ state on cyclic performance
Nerlerk case history
Assessing the characteristic state of sands
Summary
Static liquefaction and post-liquefaction strength
Introduction
Data from laboratory experiments
Trends in laboratory data for su and sr
Nature of static liquefaction
Undrained NorSand
Understanding from NorSand
Plane strain versus triaxial conditions
Steady-state approach to liquefaction
Trends from full-scale experience
Lower San Fernando Dam revisited
How dense is dense enough?
Post-liquefaction residual strength
Liquefaction assessment for silts
Summary
Cyclic stress-induced liquefaction (cyclic mobility and softening)
Introduction
Experimental data
Trends in cyclic simple shear behaviour
Berkeley school approach
State parameter view of the Berkeley approach
Theoretical framework for cyclic loading
Dealing with soil fabric in situ
Summary
Finite element modelling of soil liquefaction
Introduction
Open-source finite element software
Software verification
Slope liquefaction
Commentary
Practical implementation of critical state approach
Overview
Scope of field investigations and laboratory testing
Deriving soil properties from laboratory tests
Laboratory measurement of cyclic strength
Determining soil state by CPT soundings
Application to typical problems in sands and silts
Concluding remarks
Model uncertainty and soil variability
State as a geological principle
In situ state determination
Laboratory strength tests on undisturbed samples
Soil plasticity and fabric
Relationship to current practice
What next?
Do download !
A: Stress and strain measures
B: Laboratory testing to determine the critical state of sands
C: NorSand derivations
D: Numerical implementation of NorSand
E: Calibration chamber test data
F: Some case histories involving liquefaction flow failure
G: Seismic liquefaction case histories
H: CamClay as a special case of NorSand
References

Über Autor(innen)

Mike Jefferies is a registered professional engineer (AB, BC: Canada). Graduating in civil engineering from King’s College in London, his interest in theoretical soil mechanics led to a MSc from Imperial College. Shortly thereafter Mike immigrated to Canada, joining Golder Associates in 1978 and with whom he has worked worldwide. In 2009 independence beckoned and Mike now splits his work between pursuing advances in geomechanics and the more usual diet of a review consultant across a range of dam, mining, and offshore projects.

Ken Been obtained his engineering education at the University of Cape Town in South Africa before going on to do his D.Phil in soil mechanics at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. Since 1981 he has worked for Golder Associates in Canada, the U.K., Germany, and the USA, providing geotechnical engineering consulting to the oil and gas, mining, and civil infrastructure industry worldwide from the equator to the Arctic. He is a chartered engineer in the UK and a registered professional engineer in several Canadian provinces.