Itti / Rees / Tsotsos Neurobiology of Attention

1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-0-08-045431-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 744 Seiten

A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.* Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study

Autoren/Hrsg.

Itti, Laurent

Rees, Geraint

Tsotsos, John K.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contributors;13
2;Foreword: Neurobiology of Attention;19
3;Preface;21
4;A Brief and Selective History of Attention;23
5;A Tour of This Volume;33
6;SECTION I: FOUNDATIONS;46
6.1;CHAPTER 1: Computational Foundations for Attentive Processes;48
6.2;CHAPTER 2: Capacity Limits for Spatial Discrimination;53
6.3;CHAPTER 3: Directed Visual Attention and the Dynamic Control of Information Flow;56
6.4;CHAPTER 4: Selective Attention as an Optimal Computational Strategy;63
6.5;CHAPTER 5: Surprise: A Shortcut for Attention?;69
6.6;CHAPTER 6: A Heteromodal Large-Scale Network for Spatial Attention;74
6.7;CHAPTER 7: Parietal Mechanisms of Attentional Control: Locations, Features, and Objects;80
6.8;CHAPTER 8: Visual Cortical Circuits and Spatial Attention;87
6.9;CHAPTER 9: Psychopharmacology of Human Attention;95
6.10;CHAPTER 10: Neuropharmacology of Attention;102
6.11;CHAPTER 11: Identifying the Neural Systems of Top-Down Attentional Control: A Meta-analytic Approach;108
6.12;CHAPTER 12: Attention Capture: The Interplay of Expectations, Attention, and Awareness;114
6.13;CHAPTER 13: Change Blindness;121
6.14;CHAPTER 14: Development of Covert Orienting in Young Infants;127
6.15;CHAPTER 15: Prior Entry;134
6.16;CHAPTER 16: Inhibition of Return;141
6.17;CHAPTER 17: Guidance of Visual Search by Preattentive Information;146
6.18;CHAPTER 18: The Top in Top-Down Attention;150
6.19;CHAPTER 19: Allocation of Attention in Three-Dimensional Space;154
6.20;CHAPTER 20: Covert Attention and Saccadic Eye Movements;159
6.21;CHAPTER 21: Prefrontal Selection and Control of Covert and Overt Orienting;162
6.22;CHAPTER 22: Dissociation of Selection from Saccade Programming;169
6.23;CHAPTER 23: Space- and Object-Based Attention;175
6.24;CHAPTER 24: Attention and Binding;180
6.25;CHAPTER 25: Top-Down Facilitation of Visual Object Recognition;185
6.26;CHAPTER 26: Spatial Processing of Environmental Representations;191
6.27;CHAPTER 27: Decision and Attention;197
6.28;CHAPTER 28: Visual Attention and Emotional Perception;205
6.29;CHAPTER 29: The Difference between Visual Attention and Awareness: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective;212
6.30;CHAPTER 30: Reaching Affects Saccade Trajectories;220
6.31;CHAPTER 31: The Premotor Theory of Attention;226
6.32;CHAPTER 32: Cross-Modal Consequences of Human Spatial Attention;232
6.33;CHAPTER 33: Attention and Scene Understanding;242
7;SECTION II: FUNCTIONS;250
7.1;CHAPTER 34: Visual Search and Popout in Infancy;252
7.2;CHAPTER 35: Attention in Conditioning;258
7.3;CHAPTER 36: Electrophysiology of Reflexive Attention;264
7.4;CHAPTER 37: Natural Scene Statistics and Salient Visual Features;271
7.5;CHAPTER 38: Salience of Feature Contrast;278
7.6;CHAPTER 39: Stimulus-Driven Guidance of Visual Attention in Natural Scenes;285
7.7;CHAPTER 40: Contextual Guidance of Visual Attention;291
7.8;CHAPTER 41: Gist of the Scene;296
7.9;CHAPTER 42: Temporal Orienting of Attention;302
7.10;CHAPTER 43: Visual Search: The Role of Memory for Rejected Distractors;309
7.11;CHAPTER 44: The Neuropsychology of Visual Feature Binding;314
7.12;CHAPTER 45: Visual Saliency and Spike Timing in the Ventral Visual Pathway;317
7.13;CHAPTER 46: Object Recognition in Cortex: Neural Mechanisms, and Possible Roles for Attention;324
7.14;CHAPTER 47: Binding Contour Segments into Spatially Extended Objects;333
7.15;CHAPTER 48: Scanpath Theory, Attention, and Image Processing Algorithms for Predicting Human Eye Fixations;341
7.16;CHAPTER 49: The Feature Similarity Gain Model of Attention: Unifying Multiplicative Effects of Spatial and Feature-based Atte;345
7.17;CHAPTER 50: Biasing Competition in Human Visual Cortex;350
7.18;CHAPTER 51: Nonsensory Signals in Early Visual Cortex;356
7.19;CHAPTER 52: Effects of Attention on Auditory Perceptual Organization;362
7.20;CHAPTER 53: Attention in Language;369
7.21;CHAPTER 54: Attention and Spatial Language;375
7.22;CHAPTER 55: The Sustained Attention to Response Test (SART);382
7.23;CHAPTER 56: ERP Measures of Multiple Attention Deficits Following Prefrontal Damage;384
7.24;CHAPTER 57: Nonspatially Lateralized Mechanisms in Hemispatial Neglect;390
7.25;CHAPTER 58: Visual Extinction and Hemispatial Neglect after Brain Damage: Neurophysiological Basis of Residual Processing;396
7.26;CHAPTER 59: Attention in Split-Brain Patients;403
7.27;CHAPTER 60: Divided Attention in the Normal and the Split Brain: Chronometry and Imaging;408
8;SECTION III: MECHANISMS;414
8.1;CHAPTER 61: Neurophysiological Correlates of the Attentional Spotlight;416
8.2;CHAPTER 62: Spatially-Specific Attentional Modulation Revealed by fMRI;422
8.3;CHAPTER 63: The Neural Basis of the Attentional Blink;428
8.4;CHAPTER 64: Neurophysiological Correlates of the Reflexive Orienting of Spatial Attention;434
8.5;CHAPTER 65: Specifying the Components of Attention in a Visual Search Task;440
8.6;CHAPTER 66: Neural Evidence for Object-based Attention;446
8.7;CHAPTER 67: Location- or Feature-based Targeting of Spatial Attention;452
8.8;CHAPTER 68: Dimension-based Attention in Pop-out Search;457
8.9;CHAPTER 69: Irrelevant Singletons Capture Attention;463
8.10;CHAPTER 70: Attentional Modulation of Apparent Stimulus Contrast;470
8.11;CHAPTER 71: Attentional Suppression Early in the Macaque Visual System;474
8.12;CHAPTER 72: Attentional Modulation in the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Pulvinar;480
8.13;CHAPTER 73: Transient Covert Attention Increases Contrast Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution: Support for Signal Enhancement;487
8.14;CHAPTER 74: External Noise Distinguishes Mechanisms of Attention;493
8.15;CHAPTER 75: Attentional Modulation and Changes in Effective Connectivity;499
8.16;CHAPTER 76: Attentional Modulation of Surround Inhibition;505
8.17;CHAPTER 77: Attentional Processes in Texture Perception;511
8.18;CHAPTER 78: Mechanisms of Perceptual Learning;516
8.19;CHAPTER 79: Lateral Interactions between Targets and Flankers Require Attention;522
8.20;CHAPTER 80: Attention and Changes in Neural Selectivity;530
8.21;CHAPTER 81: Attentional Effects on Motion Processing;535
8.22;CHAPTER 82: ERP Studies of Selective Attention to Nonspatial Features;541
8.23;CHAPTER 83: Effects of Attention on Figure-Ground Responses in the Primary Visual Cortex during Working Memory;547
8.24;CHAPTER 84: Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Approaches to the Study of Visual Attention;552
8.25;CHAPTER 85: The Timing of Attentional Modulation of Visual Processing as Indexed by ERPs;559
8.26;CHAPTER 86: Selective Visual Attention Modulates Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization;565
8.27;CHAPTER 87: Putative Role of Oscillations and Synchrony in Cortical Signal Processing and Attention;571
8.28;CHAPTER 88: Attention to Tactile Stimuli Increases Neural Synchrony in Somatosensory Cortex;579
8.29;CHAPTER 89: Crossmodal Attention in Event Perception;583
9;SECTION IV: SYSTEMS;590
9.1;CHAPTER 90: The FeatureGate Model of Visual Selection;592
9.2;CHAPTER 91: Probabilistic Models of Attention Based on Iconic Representations and Predictive Coding;598
9.3;CHAPTER 92: The Selective Tuning Model for Visual Attention;607
9.4;CHAPTER 93: The Primary Visual Cortex Creates a Bottom-up Saliency Map;615
9.5;CHAPTER 94: Models of Bottom-up Attention and Saliency;621
9.6;CHAPTER 95: Saliency in Computer Vision;628
9.7;CHAPTER 96: Contextual Influences on Saliency;631
9.8;CHAPTER 97: A Neurodynamical Model of Visual Attention;638
9.9;CHAPTER 98: How the Detection of Objects in Natural Scenes Constrains Attention in Time;645
9.10;CHAPTER 99: Memory-Driven Visual Attention: An Emergent Behavior of Map-Seeking Circuits;650
9.11;CHAPTER 100: The Role of Short-Term Memory in Visual Attention;655
9.12;CHAPTER 101: Scene Segmentation through Synchronization;663
9.13;CHAPTER 102: Attentive Wide-Field Sensing for Visual Telepresence and Surveillance;669
9.14;CHAPTER 103: Neuromorphic Selective Attention Systems;678
9.15;CHAPTER 104: The Role of Visual Attention in the Control of Locomotion;683
9.16;CHAPTER 105: Attention Architectures for Machine Vision and Mobile Robots;687
9.17;CHAPTER 106: Attention for Computer Graphics Rendering;694
9.18;CHAPTER 107: Linking Attention to Learning, Expectation, Competition, and Consciousness;697
9.19;CHAPTER 108: Attention-Guided Recognition Based on “What” and “Where” Representations:;708
9.20;CHAPTER 109: A Model of Attention and Recognition by Information Maximization;716
10;Index;722
11;COLOR PLATE;742

Leseproben

Contributors Scott A. Adler York University, Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, 333 Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3 Michael S. Ambinder University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Psychology, 1817 Valley Road, Champaign, IL, USA, 61820 Charles H. Anderson Washington University in St. Louis, Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology Program, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1073, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63130-4899 David W. Arathorn Center for Computational Biology (CCB), 1 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA, 59717 Michael A. Arbib University of Southern California, Hedco Neuroscience Building, Room 5, 3641 Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90089-2520 Paul Atchley University of Kansas, Dept. of Psychology, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS, USA, 66045 Pierre Baldi University of California, Irvine, School of Information and Computer Science, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-3425 Dana H. Ballard University of Rochester, Department of Computer Science, Rochester, NY, USA, 14627-0226 Moshe Bar NMR Center at MGH, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, USA, 02129 Diane M. Beck Princeton University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind and Behavior, Green Hall, Princeton, NJ, USA, 08544 Andrew H. Bell Queen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 2nd floor, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6 Narcisse P. Bichot National Institute of Mental Health, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892 Greg Billock California Institute of Technology, Psaltis Optics Group, Mail Code 136-93, Pasadena, CA, USA, 91125 Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis Medical College of Wisconsin, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 53226 James R. Brockmole Michigan State University, Psychology, 129 Psychology Research Building, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824 Christian Büchel Hamburg University, NeuroImage Nord, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany, 20246 Hilary Buxton University of Sussex, Cognitive and Computing Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom, BN1 9QH Laura A. Carlson University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Psychology, 118-D Haggar Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA, 46556 Robert P. Carlyon Medical Research Council, Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Rd, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2EF Marisa Carrasco New York University, Psychology & Neural Science, 6 Washington Pl., New York City, NY, USA, 10003 Kyle R. Cave University of Massachusetts Amherst, Psychology Department, Tobin Hall, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, United States, 01003 Charles Chubb University of California, Irvine, Cognitive Sciences, Social Science Plaza A2101, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-5100 Marvin M. Chun Yale University, Dept. of Psychology, 2 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208205, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520-8205 Jennifer T. Coull Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, Marseille, Bouche du Rhone, France, 13009 Laila Craighero Dipartimento di Scienza biomediche e Terapie avanzate, Sezione Fisiologia Umana, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44100 Ferrara (Italy) Rhodri Cusack MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2EF Jeffrey W. Dalley University of Cambridge, Department of Experimental Psychology, Downing St, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EB Peter Dayan University College London, Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, 17 Queen Square, London, UK, WC1N 3AR Gustavo Deco Institució Catalana de Recercai Estudis Avancats and Universität Pompeu Fabra, Passeig de Circumval lació, 8, Barcelona, Spain, 08003 Robert Desimone Laboratory of Neuropsychology, NIMH, NIH, Bldg. 49 Rm. 1B80, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-4415 Leon Y. Deouell The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Psychology, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel, 91905 Edgar A. DeYoe Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 53226 Karen R. Dobkins University of California, at San Diego, Department of Psychology, 9500 Gilman Dr. 0109, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093-0109 Michael C. Dorris Queen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 4th Floor, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Barbara Anne Dosher University of California, Irvine, Department of Cognitive Sciences and Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-5100 Fadi Dornaika CNRS, University of Technology of Compiegne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiegne Cedex, France Jon Driver University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London, UK, WC1N 3AR Martin Eimer University of London, School of Psychology, Birbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK James H. Elder York University, Centre for Vision Research, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3 Jillian H. Fecteau Queen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Physiology, 4th Floor Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6 John M. Findlay University of Durham, Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, South Road, Durham, UK, DH1 3LE Elliot D. Freeman University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London, England, UK, WC1N 3AR Pascal Fries F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Nijmegen, Adelbertusplein 1, 6525 EK Nijmegen, The Netherlands and Department of Biophysics, University of Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands Chris D. Frith University College London, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London, UK, HA1 3JW Michael S. Gazzaniga Dartmouth College, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 6162 Moore Hall, Hanover, NH, USA, 03755-3569 Barry Giesbrecht University of California, Santa Barbara, Dept. of Psychology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 93106 Darren R. Gitelman Northwestern University, Neurology, Radiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, 320 East Superior Street, Searle 11-470, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611 Ronen Goldstein Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3 Alexander V. Golovan Rostov State University, AB Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, 194/1 Stachka Avenue, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090 Andrei Gorea Centre National de la Recherche and René Descartes University, Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, 71 Ave. Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 92774 Ivan C. Griffin University of Oxford, Dept. of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK Stephen Grossberg Boston University, Dept. of Cognitive and Neural Systems, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA, USA, 02215 Valentina I. Gusakova Rostov State University, AB Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, 194/1 Stachka Avenue, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090 Fred H. Hamker Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Fliednerstrasse 21, Münster, Germany, 48149 Todd C. Handy University of British Columbia, Dept. of Psychology, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 David J. Heeger New York University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, 6 Washington Place, 8th floor, New York, NY, USA, 10003 Steven A. Hillyard University of California, San Diego, Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92903-0608 Joseph B. Hopfinger University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Psychology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599 Todd S. Horowitz Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Visual Attention Laboratory, 64 Sidney Street, Suite 170, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139 Bob Hou Centre for Vision Research,...