E-Book, Englisch, 280 Seiten
E-Book, Englisch, 280 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-4665-5651-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
There are many obstacles to successful GIS implementation, and unfortunately, the local government landscape is riddled with false starts, poorly planned implementations, and glorified mapping systems. This book documents the reason for failure and possible remedies to overcome the challenges to implementation. It discusses pathways to change, ways of improving organizational effectiveness and efficiency, and lays out the organizational approaches, management processes, and leadership actions that are required for GIS to become an indispensable part of an organization. This book is about aiming high, so you can consistently hit your mark by formulating goals and objectives that will tremendously influence the success of a GIS initiative. It details the factors crucial for building an enterprise GIS vision statement that includes governance, data and databases, procedures and workflow, GIS software, GIS training and education, and infrastructure, and how to develop performance measures related to the stated objectives of an organization. The book combines theory with real-world experience to offer guidance on the process of managing GIS implementation. Through key components, this book introduces a new way to think about GIS technology.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Wirtschaftspolitik, politische Ökonomie
- Geowissenschaften Geologie GIS, Geoinformatik
- Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Regierungspolitik Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik
- Rechtswissenschaften Öffentliches Recht Umweltrecht Umweltrecht allg., Technikrecht, Immissionsschutzrecht
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface
Acknowledgments
Author
Introduction
Strategic Planning
The Formula for Success
Challenges, Barriers, and Pitfalls
Developing a Vision, Goals, and Objectives
Governance
GIS Training, Education, and Knowledge Transfer
Return on Investment
How to Sell GIS to Local Government?
Conclusions
Strategic Planning
A Proposed Outline for the Scope of Work
Phase I: Needs Assessment
Step 1: Online Questionnaire
Step 2: Kick-Off Meeting and Technology Workshop
Step 3: Departmental Interviews
Step 4: Present the Findings of the GIS Needs Assessment
Phase II: Conceptual Alternative System Design
Step 5: Developing the CSD
Phase III: Final Implementation Plan
Step 6: Business Plan
Step 7: Final Implementation Plan and Presentation (Plan of Action)
The Formula for Success
Different Perspectives on GIS
A Layman’s Discussion of Campbell and Masser’s Book GIS and Organizations
Technological Determinism: The IT Guru or Tech Geek Perspective
Managerial Rationalism: The Local Government Management Perspective
Social Interactionism: The Local Government Individual Perspective
The Truth of the Matter
The Formula for Success—A Checklist
Category One: GIS Governance
Category Two: GIS Digital Data and Databases
Category Three: GIS Procedures, Workflow, and Integration
Category Four: GIS Software
Category Five: GIS Training, Education, and Knowledge Transfer
Category Six: GIS Infrastructure
The Formula for Success
Challenges, Barriers, and Pitfalls
A Pass/Fail Approach
Five GIS Strategic Planning Components
Component One: Strategic GIS Components
Component Two: Tactical GIS Components
Component Three: Technical GIS Components
Component Four: Logistical GIS Components
Component Five: Political GIS Components
Challenges, Barriers, and Pitfalls
Challenges to an Enterprise GIS
Barriers to an Enterprise GIS
Pitfalls to an Enterprise GIS
The Challenges, Barriers, and Pitfalls of 100 Organizations
The Challenges, Barriers, and Pitfalls during GIS Maturation
The Role and Responsibilities of the GIS Coordinator
Sequential Steps to Developing a Vision, Goals, and Objectives
Step One: Understand the Existing GIS Situation
Step Two: Conduct Blue Sky GIS Sessions with Stakeholders and Conduct a GIS SWOT Analysis
Step Three: Build Consensus and Buy-In for an Enterprise
GIS Solution from All Stakeholders
Example 1: San Luis Obispo County, CA
Example 2: City of Carlsbad, CA
Example 3: Orange County, CA
Example 4: City of Dayton, OH
Example 5: Brant County, Ontario, Canada
Example 6: Greenville Utilities Commission
Example 7: City of Virginia Beach, VA
Step Four: Align the GIS with the Vision of the Organizations
Organization’s Overall Goal #1: Continually Improve Public Safety
Organization’s Overall Goal #2: Sound and Stable Utilities
Organization’s Overall Goal #3: Promote Economic Development
Organization’s Overall Goal #4: A Great Downtown
Organization’s Overall Goal #5: Increased Civic Engagement
Organization’s Overall Goal #6: Promote Fiscal Soundness
Step Five: Create a GIS Vision Statement, Goals, and Objectives
GIS Vision Statement
GIS Goals
GIS Objectives
Step Six: Develop Performance Measures, Outcomes, and Metrics
Governance
But What Exactly Is GIS Governance?
New Management Challenges Introduced by GIS Implementation
Government without GIS
Misguided GIS Governance
Why Is It So Challenging to Deploy an Optimum GIS Governance Model that Meets a Set of Basic Criteria?
Three GIS Governance Models
Governance Model #1: Centralized Governance Structure
Governance Model #2: Decentralized Governance Model
Governance Model #3: Hybrid Governance Model
New Trending Governance Model: Regionalized Governance Model
Adding Functional Teams to the Mix of Governance Models
Departmental Accountability, Best Business Practices, Executive Champion, GIS Technical Committee, GIS Steering Committee, Subject Matter Experts, and GIS User Groups
An Evaluation of the Different Governance Models
Case Study Discussion
GIS Training, Education, and Knowledge Transfer Introduction
GIS Timeline—GIS Management and Training and Education
Period 1: Big Bang to 1970s—The Geographer and Cartographer
Period 2: Late 1980s and Late 1990s—The GIS Software Period
Period 3: Late 1990s to 2010—The Era of Local Government GIS Professionals
Period 4: 2010 to 2020—GIS Maturity and Complexity
Period 5: 2020 to 2030—The Next Generation of GIS Coordinators
Type of GIS Users in Local Government
Esri-Based GIS Software Solutions
Defining GIS Training, Education, and Knowledge Transfer
Characteristics of a Perfect GIS Coordinator
Idea Number One: How to Become an Effective GIS Leader
Idea Number Two: Modern-Day Skills of a GIS Coordinator
Idea Number Three: The Principles of the CCL
GIS Training Series Module One: Characteristics of the Project GIS Coordinator
GIS Training Series Module Two: GIS Governance and Management Skills
GIS Training Series Module Three: GIS Digital Data and Databases Expertise
GIS Training Series Module Four: Understand Procedures, Workflow, and Integration
GIS Training Series Module Five: Understanding the Applications of GIS Software
GIS Training Series Module Six: GIS Training, Education, and Knowledge Transfer
GIS Training Series Module Seven: Understands IT Infrastructure and Architecture
Return on Investment
Local Governments’ Scorecard Approach
Example One: City of St. Petersburg, FL
Example Two: The City of Boston, MA
Example Three: The City of Fort Collins, FL
Option One: CBA
Option Two: RoI Analysis
Option Three: A VP
Perceived Benefits
More Trouble Than It’s Worth
The Value of a Life
Life is Definable, Changeable, and Improvable
A 70:30 Rule
Quality-of-Life Goals with Supporting Objectives
Economic Diversity and Innovation
Effective and Efficient Government
Infrastructure and Facilities
Equity
An RoI and VP Solution
KPI #1: Saving Money and Avoiding Costs
KPI #2: Saving Time
KPI #3: Increased Productivity and Organizational Performance
KPI #4: Improving Efficiency
KPI #5: Improving Data Accuracy and Reliability
KPI #6: Making Better and More Informed Decisions
KPI #7: Saving Lives and Mitigating Risks
KPI #8: Automating Workflow Procedures
KPI #9: Improving Information Processing
KPI #10: Complying with State and Federal Mandates
KPI #11: Protecting the Community
KPI #12: Improving Communication, Coordination, and Collaboration
KPI #13: Provide Data to Regulators, Developers, and Other Interested Parties
KPI #14: Respond More Quickly to Citizen Requests
KPI #15: Improve Citizen Access to Government
KPI #16: Effective Management of Assets and Resources
KPI #17: Good Environmental Stewardship and Well-Being
KPI #18: Data Relationship—New Ways of Thinking
KPI #19: Promote Economic Vitality
How to Sell GIS to Local Government
GIS Is Immensely Sound and Rich with Benefits
Selling Topic One: What Exactly Is GIS?
Selling Topic Two: Why Do Local Government Organizations Invest in GIS?
Selling Topic Three: Forces that Shape How We Think, Feel, and Behave
Obvious Forces
Hidden Forces
A Values Game
Selling Topic Four: The Provocative Language of Selling and Framing the Argument
Selling Topic Five: A Loophole in Our Sales Strategy: The Seven Keys to GIS Success
Selling Topic Six: Language and Sales
Selling Topic Seven: Selling Local Government Data
Conclusions
The Importance of Strategic GIS Planning
A Possible Formula for Success
What about the Major Obstacles Along the Way?
How Important Is Developing a GIS Vision and Goals and Objectives?
The Maturing and Evolution of GIS Management
A Paradigm Shift: We Need to Think Very Differently about the GIS Coordinator and Enterprise GIS Training, Education, and Knowledge Transfer
GIS Cost–Benefit, RoI Analysis, or Value Proposition: Are We Poorer for It?
Is There an Art in Selling GIS to Local Government?
The Future of GIS Technology: How Does It Impact the GIS Coordinator or GIO? 2
References
Appendix
Index
