Hawkes Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants

The Report of the Conference Held by the Botanical Society of the British Isles at Birmingham University in 1965
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2397-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 184 Seiten, Web PDF

Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants is a collection of papers presented at the Conference on Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, held at the Department of Botany, University of Birmingham on April 23-25, 1965. The conference primarily explores the reproductive biology of flowering plants and ferns to arrive at a better understanding of variation patterns and modes of evolution. This book is divided into six chapters and begins with a discussion on the breeding systems, variation and adaptation. The next chapters survey the practical implications of knowledge of breeding systems and other aspects of the reproductive biology of flowering plants, as well as the pollination mechanisms in orchids and the evolution of this family in relation to insect evolution. These chapters include an account of the foraging behavior of honey bees and its importance to the botanist in delineating the behavior of the insects that pollinate the plants. Other chapters deal with the mechanisms of plant dispersal and establishment, the aspects of seed dormancy, and germination and reproductive capacity related to evolutionary processes. The concluding chapters explore the many aspects of apomixis in its wider sense and survey how the variation patterns of apomicts were due to this special mode of reproduction. This book is directed primarily to botanists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hawkes, J. G.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants
;6
3;Copyright Page
;7
4;Table of Contents
;8
5;EDITORIAL NOTE
;10
6;REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS
;12
7;LIST OF MEMBERS AND GUESTS WHO ATTENDED THE CONFERENCE
;14
8;SESSION 1: BREEDING SYSTEMS, VARIATION AND ADAPTATION
;16
8.1;Chapter 1. BREEDING SYSTEMS AND RESPONSE TO SELECTION
;16
8.1.1;Systems of reproduction;16
8.1.2;Compromise between invariance and variation;19
8.1.3;Compromise and the life cycle;20
8.1.4;Conclusions;22
8.2;Chapter 2. THE GENETIC INTEGRATION OF BREEDING SYSTEMS
;23
8.2.1;Polyploidy and Self-Incompatibility;24
8.2.2;Linkage and the efficiency of incompatibility;26
8.2.3;REFERENCES;27
8.3;Chapter 3. THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE BRITISH POPPIES
;29
8.3.1;The Distribution of the Poppies in Britain;30
8.3.2;The Expansion and Maintenance of Populations;30
8.3.3;Colonizing ability;30
8.3.4;Seed Dormancy and Germination;32
8.3.5;Innate Dormancy;33
8.3.6;Enforced Dormancy;34
8.3.7;Germination;34
8.3.8;The Growth of Mixed and Pure Poppy Populations;35
8.3.9;Relationship between the Growth of Poppies and a Cereal Crop;35
8.3.10;Barriers to Interbreeding in the Poppies;38
8.3.11;General Conclusions;41
8.3.12;REFERENCES;42
9;SESSION 2: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY IN RELATION TO PLANT BREEDING
;43
9.1;Chapter 4. THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SOME LEGUMINOUS CROPS
;43
9.2;Chapter 5. REPRODUCTION IN RYEGRASSES
;54
9.2.1;Introduction;54
9.2.2;The genus Lolium;54
9.2.3;Distribution and adaptation in L. perenne;55
9.2.4;The general genetic control of variation;56
9.2.5;Heritability patterns in persistent populations;57
9.2.6;Extranuclear variation;58
9.2.7;Summary of reproductive systems;59
9.2.8;Plant breeding implications;60
9.2.9;REFERENCES;61
9.2.10;Discussion;61
10;SESSION 3: POLLINATION MECHANISMS
;64
10.1;Chapter 6. POLLINATION MECHANISMS IN ORCHIDS
;64
10.1.1;General;64
10.1.2;Wasps;67
10.1.3;Sexual deceit;67
10.1.4;Euglossini;69
10.1.5;Xylocopini;71
10.1.6;Social bees;72
10.1.7;Moths;73
10.1.8;Butterflies (psychophily);74
10.1.9;Ornithophily;74
10.1.10;Sapromyophily;75
10.1.11;Concluding remarks;77
10.1.12;REFERENCES;78
10.2;Chapter 7. THE FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF BEES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ISOLATION AND SPECIATION OF PLANTS
;79
10.2.1;Introduction;79
10.2.2;Preferences for Different Flower Species;79
10.2.3;Constancy During a Single Foraging Trip
;80
10.2.4;Effect of Inconstancy;82
10.2.5;Effect of Flower Constancy
;82
10.2.6;Foraging Area on a Crop During a Single Trip
;84
10.2.7;Constancy to Area of Crop Over Successive Visits
;87
10.2.8;Constancy to Species During Consecutive Trips
;87
10.2.9;REFERENCES;89
10.2.10;Discussion;94
11;SESSION 4: REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND PLANT DISTRIBUTION
;96
11.1;Chapter 8. DISPERSAL AND ESTABLISHMENT: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?
;96
11.1.1;Discussion;103
11.2;Chapter 9. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SEED DORMANCY AND GERMINATION
;106
11.2.1;Definitions;106
11.2.2;The conditions necessary for germination in non-dormant seeds;107
11.2.3;Innate dormancy;108
11.2.4;The causes of innate dormancy;111
11.2.5;Induced dormancy;112
11.2.6;The time and pattern of germination;112
11.2.7;Factors determining the dormancy of buried seeds;116
11.2.8;Taxonomy and seed dormancy;117
11.2.9;Seed "Polymorphism";118
11.2.10;General ecological significance of seed dormancy;118
11.2.11;Dormancy and germination requirements as possible factors in species distribution.
;120
11.2.12;Conclusions;121
11.2.13;REFERENCES;121
11.2.14;Discussion;123
11.3;Chapter 10. REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY IN THE STUDY OF EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES
;125
11.3.1;Introduction;125
11.3.2;Reproductive capacity;125
11.3.3;Reproductive capacity in hybridizing populations;127
11.3.4;Reproductive aggression through the breeding system;129
11.3.5;Conclusion;131
11.3.6;REFERENCES;131
11.3.7;Discussion;132
12;SECTION 5: APOMIXIS (INCLUDING VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION)
;134
12.1;Chapter 11. APOMIXIS IN THE ANGIOSPERMS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CALAMAGROSTIS AND POA
;134
12.1.1;REFERENCES;141
12.2;Chapter 12. THE HISTORY, TAXONOMY AND BREEDING SYSTEM OF APOMICTIC BRITISH RUBI
;144
12.2.1;Introduction;144
12.2.2;The Extent of Glaciation;144
12.2.3;The Life-cycle of Rubus;146
12.2.4;Incompatibility and Polyploidy;147
12.2.5;Heterozygosity and Apomixis;148
12.2.6;Future Evolution;150
12.2.7;Extracting Primary Species;151
12.2.8;Summary;153
12.2.9;REFERENCES;154
12.3;Chapter 13. APOMIXIS AND VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION IN FERNS
;155
12.3.1;Apomixis;155
12.3.2;Vegetative Reproduction;161
12.3.3;REFERENCES;164
12.4;Chapter 14. THE TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF APOMIXIS
;165
12.4.1;Discussion;169
13;SESSION 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION
;172
13.1;OPENING REMARKS
;172
13.2;GENERAL DISCUSSION
;175
14;INDEX
;178