An Applied Perspective
Buch, Englisch, 784 Seiten, Format (B × H): 216 mm x 274 mm, Gewicht: 1451 g
ISBN: 978-0-470-40540-6
Verlag: Wiley
The Development of Children and Adolescents, by Penny Hauser-Cram, J. Kevin Nugent, Kathleen Thies, and John F. Travers, provides an integrated view of child development. Presenting the most pertinent research for each developmental stage and linking this to practical applications in the areas of Parenting, Policy, and Practice, this balanced approach emphasizes the relationship between research and theory and applications. The rich media program, including WileyPLUS with Real Development promotes active learning and allows for increased understanding and comprehension of the course content. Real Development, authored by Nicole Barnes, Ph.D., Montclair State University and Christine Hatchard, Psy.D., Monmouth University, uses authentic video showcasing real families, along with activities and assessments that put students in the place of a professional, to gain an understanding of key concepts. Through the combination of text and media, students are engaged in meaningful learning that deepens and enriches their understanding of developmental concepts.
WileyPLUS sold separately from text.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Sozialpsychologie
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Entwicklungspsychologie Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Biologische Psychologie, Neuropsychologie
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Kognitionspsychologie
Weitere Infos & Material
Part 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 A Child’s Journey 3
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: All Children Have Birthdays 3
Children and Their Development 4
What is Development? 5
The Study of Development 5
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Developmental Domains 5
Developmental Epochs: Is Age the Answer? 6
Issues in Development 6
A Child’s Journey in the 21st Century 9
Research Insights: Are Today’s Children More Imaginative? 10
Parenting: Children in the Home 10
Children and Their Cultural Communities 12
Children in a Technological World 13
Culture and Parents‘ Views on Children’s Disabilities 14
Practice: Video Games and Learning 15
Explaining Development: The Theories 16
Psychoanalytically Based Theories 16
Cognitive Theories 18
Learning Theories 23
Ethological Theories 25
Systems Theories 26
Focus On: Urie Bronfenbrenner 28
Asking Questions, Examining Answers 29
The Scientific Method 29
Designing Research Studies 30
Collecting Data 37
Reporting Research Results 38
Policy: Ethical Considerations 39
Chapter Summary 40
Key Terms 41
Critical Thinking Questions 41
Development 41
Part 2 Biological Beginnings
Chapter 2 Biological Foundations of Child Development 43
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: It Can Start with Cells 43
The Biology of Life 44
The Functions of Cells 45
DNA, RNA, and Protein 45
WHEN CELLULAR SYSTEMS CONNECT: PKU as an Example 47
Research Insights: “Turning Off” Genes 47
Genes and Heredity 48
Genes and Chromosomes 48
Culture, Genetics, and Human Migration 50
Patterns of Heredity 51
Chromosomal Disorders 56
Parenting: Genetic Counseling 58
Gene-Environment Interactions 59
Mechanisms of Interaction Between Genes and Environment 59
Research on Gene-Environment Interactions: Kinship Studies 63
The Physiology of Thinking and Feeling 66
The Brain and Nervous System 66
The Endocrine System and the Physiology of Stress 72
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Stress and Child Development 73
Children’s Well-Being in Society 74
Indicators of Children’s Well-Being in the United States 75
Health Care among American Children 75
Policy: Who is Covered by Insurance, and How? 76
Practice: A Hmong Child in the American Health-Care System 77
Chapter Summary 78
Key Terms 79
Critical Thinking Questions 79
Development 79
Chapter 3 Prenatal Development 81
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Advocating for Care of Pregnant Women 81
Conception 82
Gametes and Meiosis 82
Fertilization 84
Prenatal Growth and Development 85
The Germinal Period: 0 to 2 Weeks 85
Policy: The Politics of Stem Cell Research 86
The Period of the Embryo: 3 to 8 Weeks 87
The Period of the Fetus: 9 Weeks to Birth 88
The Developing Brain: A Closer Look 90
Research Insights: Learning Before Birth 91
Development and the Prenatal Environment 92
Chemical Substances 92
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Alcohol and Pregnancy 95
Focus On: Ann Streissguth and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 95
Maternal Disease, Illness, and Stress 97
Environmental Pollutants and Hazards 101
Health During Pregnancy 102
Physiology of Pregnancy 102
Culture and Pregnancy 103
Practice: Recommendations for a Healthy Pregnancy 104
Complications of Pregnancy and High-Risk Pregnancies 104
A Special High-Risk Case: The Pregnant Adolescent 106
Pregnancy and Society 108
Birth-Rate Trends 108
Access to Health Care 108
Infertility 109
Parenting and ART: Telling the Children 113
Practice: Multiple Births 114
Parenting: Health, Family, and Culture 114
Chapter Summary 116
Key Terms 117
Critical Thinking Questions 117
Development 117
Chapter 4 Birth and the Newborn 119
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: An Unexpected Birth Experience 119
Birth 120
What Do You Know About Childbirth? 121
Preparing for the Birth of the Baby 121
Parenting: Writing a Birth Plan 122
Stages of Labor 123
Childbirth and Pain 124
The Place of Childbirth: Home or Hospital? 125
Focus On: Pioneers in the Natural Childbirth Movement 126
Research Insights: Risks in Planned Cesarean Delivery 129
At-Risk Infants: A Different Beginning 130
Prematurity and Birth Weight 130
Causes and Treatments of Prematurity 131
Prematurity and Developmental Outcomes 131
Low Birth Weight in the Developing World 132
A Different Beginning for Parents, Too 132
Research Insights: The Long-Term Risks of Prematurity 133
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Early Intervention for At-Risk Newborns 134
Focus On: Heidelise Als 134
Neonatal Mortality 135
Policy: The Fourth Millennium Development Goals 137
The Newborn 138
A Dramatic Transition 138
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: Newborn Reflexes and Behavioral States 139
The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale 141
Sensory Capacities and the Social Newborn 142
The Developmental Tasks of the
Newborn Period 147
The Parent-Infant Bond 147
Breast-Feeding: A Developmental Issue 147
Practice: The UNICEF/WHO Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative 148
Developmental Tasks Facing the Newborn 149
Research Insights: Effects of Breast-Feeding on Intelligence 150
Culture and Crying 151
Chapter Summary 152
Key Terms 152
Critical Thinking Questions 153
Development 153
Part 3 Infancy
Chapter 5 Physical Development and Health in Infancy and Toddlerhood 155
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Beating the Odds 155
A Framework for Children’s Health and Physical Development 156
Biology of Health: Physical, Motor, and Perceptual Development 158
New Directions in Infant Motor Research 159
What Happens in the Brain? Beginning to Walk 160
Physical Development: How Babies Grow into Toddlers 162
Motor Development: From Sitting to Jumping 163
Research Insights: Climbing Stairs 165
Theories of Motor Development 166
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Dynamic Systems Theory 169
Sensory and Perceptual Development: Taking in the World 169
The Developing Brain: Biology of Health 172
An Exuberant Burst of Synapse Formation 173
Focus On: Santiago Ramon y Cajal and Wilder Penfield, Pioneers in Brain Research 173
Research Insights: Mirror Neurons 175
Pruning: Refining the Brain Through Experience 176
Foundations of Health: Nutrition and Health 177
Nutrition for Infants and Toddlers 177
Nutritional Problems 178
Policy: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 179
Capacities for Health: Caregivers, Environment, and Community 182
The Physical Environment 182
The Caregiving Environment 183
Culture and Sleeping Arrangements 184
Parenting: Products for Infants 185
Practice: Infant and Toddler Child-Care Settings 186
Motor Development in Different Cultural Environments 187
Disruptions in Health: Neuromotor Disabilities 189
Cerebral Palsy 189
Muscular Dystrophy 190
Down Syndrome 190
Policy: Early Intervention 191
Chapter Summary 193
Key Terms 194
Critical Thinking Questions 194
Development 195
Chapter 6 Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood 197
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Does Infant Stimulation Matter? 197
Theories of Cognitive Development 198
Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage 199
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective 203
Culture and Fatherhood 205
Other Theories 205
Information-Processing Approaches 206
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: The Basis for Cognitive Gains 210
Research Methods 211
Visual Preference Procedures 212
Object Exploration Approaches 214
Practice: Making Sense of Media Reports 214
Studies of Infant Imitation 215
Neuroimaging Techniques 215
Standardized Tests of Infant Cognitive Development 216
The Beginnings of Language 217
The Language Areas of the Brain 217
Theories of Language Development 218
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: The Interactionist Approach 219
Acquiring Language: From Speech Perception to First Words 219
The Role of Experience in Language Development 221
Parenting: Wireless Parents 223
Research Insights: The Video Deficit 223
Raising a Bilingual Child 224
Infant and Toddler Education 225
Policy: Disparities in Cognitive Development in the First Years of Life 225
Focus On: James J. Heckman, Nobel Prize Winner in Economics 225
High-Quality Programs for Infants and Toddlers 226
Chapter Summary 227
Key Terms 228
Critical Thinking Questions 229
Development 229
Chapter 7 Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood 231
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: The Infant Mental Health Professional 231
Theories of Psychosocial Development 232
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory 232
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory 233
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory 233
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: The Transactional Model 234
The Importance of Attachment 235
How Does Attachment Develop? 235
Measuring Attachment 236
Cultural Differences in Attachment 238
Long-Term Effects of Early Attachment 239
Policy: Maternal Employment During the First Year and How It Affects Attachment 240
The Effects of Early Adverse Experiences 241
Emotional Development 243
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: The Limbic System 243
Emotion: The Language of Babies 245
Expressing Emotion 245
Transitions in Emotional Development in the First Years 247
Emotional Regulation 248
Social Competence 250
Autism Spectrum Disorder 252
Parenting: Red Flags for Autism Spectrum Disorder 252
The Emerging Sense of Self 253
Erikson, Stern, and the Sense of Self 253
Self-Recognition and Self-Concept 254
Empathy 255
Are Babies Capable of Moral Acts? 256
Research Insights: The Beginnings of Moral Development 256
Environment, Temperament, and Psychosocial Development 257
Cultural Differences in Parenting Practices During Infancy 257
Focus On: Marian Wright Edelman and the Children’s Defense Fund 258
Culture and School Readiness 259
Fathers and Their Infants 259
The Role of Siblings and Peers 261
The Changing Role of Grandparents 262
Practice: The Enduring Effects of Early Child Care 262
The Role of Temperament 264
Parenting: Goodness of Fit 266
Chapter Summary 267
Key Terms 268
Critical Thinking Questions 268
Development 269
MILESTONES IN INFANCY AND TODDLERHOOD 270
Part 4 Early Childhood
Chapter 8 Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood 273
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Soap 273
Biology of Health: Physical Growth and Development 274
Growth and Size 274
Brain Development 276
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: Stress 279
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: National Well-Being and Young Brains 280
Motor Development 281
Focus On: Jack P. Shonkoff, MD, and the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University 281
Foundations of Health: Health Promotion 287
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 287
Practice: Well-Child Visits and Developmental Screening 288
Nutrition, Food Allergies, and Malnutrition 289
Policy: Food Insecurity and Food Deserts 293
Immunizations and Vaccines 294
Research Insights: Lessons from the Autism–Vaccine Controversy 296
Promoting Dental Health 297
Policy: Dental Health and Fluoride 297
Capacity for Health: Caregivers, Community, and Child Safety 298
Parenting: Health Literacy 298
Kids, Germs, and Early Child Care 299
Safety at Home and in the Community 301
Common Disruptions in Health 305
Asthma 305
Culture and Medical Beliefs 307
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: An Ecological Perspective on Asthma Management 308
Ear Infections: Otitis Media 308
Chapter Summary 309
Key Terms 310
Critical Thinking Questions 310
Development 311
Chapter 9 Cognitive Development in Early Childhood 313
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: The Harlem Children’s Zone 313
Piaget’s Theory and Preoperational Thought 315
Advances and Limitations in Preoperational Thought 315
Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory 319
Practice: Implications of Piaget’s Theory for Preschool Classrooms 319
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory 320
Features of Vygotsky’s Theory 320
Criticisms of Vygotsky’s Theory 322
Focus On: Barbara Rogoff 323
Practice: Implications of Vygotsky’s Theory for Preschool Classrooms 323
Information Processing Theory 324
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: The Role of Executive Function 325
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: A Growth Spurt in Executive Function 326
Combining Theories: Neo-Piagetian Approaches 330
Criticisms of Information Processing Theory 330
Practice: Implications of Information Processing Theory for Preschool Classrooms 330
Research Insights: Can We Teach Executive Function Skills to Young Children? 331
Language Development 332
Vocabulary Growth 332
Grammar Usage 334
Rules of Conversation 336
Speaking Two Languages 336
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Language Delays 338
School Readiness 338
Emergent Reading 339
What Happens in the Brain? Beginning to Read 340
Parenting: Helping Preschool Children Become Readers 342
Emergent Writing 342
Emergent Number Concepts 344
Culture and Learning Numbers 345
Preschool Education 347
Research Insights: Young Children and Board Games 347
Policy: P.L. 104-193: The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act 348
Chapter Summary 352
Key Terms 352
Critical Thinking Questions 353
Development 353
Chapter 10 Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood 355
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Being a Voice for a Child 355
Emotional Development 356
Psychosocial Theory 356
Recognizing Emotions 357
Emotional Regulation 357
Culture and Showing Pride and Shame 358
The Development of a Sense of Self 360
Self-Concept 360
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: Self-Representation and the Brain 361
Gender-Role Development 361
Relationships with Peers 367
Play 367
Practice: How Can Preschool Teachers Support Play? 369
Friendships 369
Policy: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 372
Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors 373
Focus On: Albert Bandura 376
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Developing a Theory of Mind 377
Research Insights: Do Children with Autism Lack a Theory of Mind? 379
Moral Development 379
Right and Wrong 380
Distributive Justice 382
Parenting Practices 383
Parenting Styles 384
Parenting: Spanking as a Form of Discipline 386
Maltreatment of Children 387
Policy: The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) 388
Research Insights: The Effects of Extreme Emotional Neglect 391
Chapter Summary 392
Key Terms 392
Critical Thinking Questions 393
Development 393
MILESTONES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD 394
Part 5 Middle Childhood
Chapter 11 Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood 397
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: School Health 397
Biology of Health: Physical Growth and Development 398
Growth and Size 398
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: Middle Childhood 401
Motor Development in Middle Childhood 404
Research Insights: Degrees of Freedom 405
Foundations of Health: Health Promotion 408
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 408
Nutrition 411
Culture and Body Weight 413
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Why the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity Has Increased 414
Policy: Reducing and Preventing Childhood Obesity 416
Parenting: Family Mealtime 416
Physical Activity 417
Focus On: Michelle Obama and Let’s Move! 419
Capacity for Health: Caregivers and Community 419
Safety from Unintentional Injuries 420
Sports 422
School Health 424
Practice: The Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) Model 425
Common Disruptions in Health 427
Chronic Conditions in Childhood 427
Chapter Summary 431
Key Terms 432
Critical Thinking Questions 432
Development 433
Chapter 12 Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood 435
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Be a Buddy 435
Piaget’s Theory and Concrete Operational Thought 436
Accomplishments of the Concrete Operational Period 437
Practice: Helping Children Develop Their Cognitive Skills in the Classroom 439
Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory 440
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory 440
Development in Middle Childhood 441
Practice: Vygotsky in the Classroom 442
Criticisms of Vygotsky’s Theory 443
Information Processing 444
Attention 444
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: Attention 447
Memory 448
Research Insights: Children with Problems with Attention 449
Focus On: Eric Kandel 452
Practice: Teaching Effective Memory Strategies 456
Criticisms of Information Processing Theory 457
Intelligence and Thinking 457
The Search for Intelligence 458
Culture and Views on Intelligence 458
Binet, Wechsler, and Intelligence Testing 459
A Theory of Multiple Intelligences 461
The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence 462
The Development of Language, Literacy, and Mathematical Skills 463
Language Development 463
Policy: English Language Learners 465
Literacy Skills 467
Mathematical Skills 468
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Mathematical Skills and Executive Functioning 469
Parenting: Parental Engagement in Children’s Schooling 470
Chapter Summary 471
Key Terms 472
Critical Thinking Questions 472
Development 473
Chapter 13 Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood 475
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Service Learning 475
Emotional Development 476
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory 477
Antisocial Behavior 477
Research Insights: Do Violent Video Games Promote Aggression? 478
Prosocial Behavior 479
Emotional Regulation 480
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Coping with Stress 481
Relating to One’s Self 482
The I-Self and the Me-Self 482
The Developing Sense of Self 482
Gender Development 484
Self-Esteem 484
Parenting: Building Self-Esteem 486
Relating to Others 487
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: The Social Brain 487
Focus On: Antonio Damasio 489
Understanding Others 489
What Happens in the Brain? Emotional Self-Regulation in Middle Childhood 490
Interacting with Peers 494
Interacting with Parents 496
Parenting: Supporting Children’s Well-Being After Divorce 499
Interacting with Siblings 500
Interacting at School 502
Policy: Anti-Bullying Legislation 504
Moral Development 505
Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Piaget and Kohlberg 505
Telling the Truth 506
Distributive Justice 507
Culture and Children’s Evaluations of Truths and Lies 508
Practice: Making Moral Principles Meaningful 508
Chapter Summary 510
Key Terms 511
Critical Thinking Questions 511
Development 511
MILESTONES IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD 512
Part 6 Adolescence
Chapter 14 Physical Development and Health in Adolescence 515
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Youth Advocating for Youth 515
Biology of Health: Physical Growth and Development 516
Focus On: G. Stanley Hall 516
Puberty 517
The Timing of Puberty 520
Hormones, Emotions, and Behavior 521
Culture and Menarche 522
Brain Development 524
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Adolescent Brain Development 526
Foundations of Health: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 526
Research Insights: Survey Data 527
Nutrition and Physical Activity 527
Sleep and Stress 531
Adolescent Health Behaviors: Injury, Sexual Activity, and Substance Use 532
Policy: Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus, and a Vaccine 537
Health Education and Prevention: Focus on Sex and Alcohol 539
Parenting: The Role of Parents in Adolescent Sexual Behavior 540
Alcohol and Drug Prevention Programs 541
Capacity for Health: Caregivers, Community, and Safety 542
Motor Vehicle Safety 542
Access to Health Care for Adolescents 543
What Happens in the Brain? Having a Conversation While Driving a Car 544
Safety: Sports and Injury 546
Practice: Treating Concussions in Adolescents 547
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: An Uneven Playing Field 548
Common Disruptions in Health: Managing Chronic Illness 549
Chapter Summary 551
Key Terms 552
Critical Thinking Questions 552
Development 553
Chapter 15 Cognitive Development in Adolescence 555
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Teen-to-Teen Tutors 555
Piaget and Formal Operations 556
Cognitive Changes in the Formal Operational Period 556
Adolescent Egocentrism 560
Contributions and Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory 561
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and the Adolescent Mind 562
Acquiring Academic Language 562
Practice: Peer Tutoring 563
Contributions of Vygotsky’s Theory 564
Information Processing in the Adolescent Years 565
Cognitive Changes in Processing 565
Changes in Metacognition 567
Decision Making 568
Contributions of the Information Processing Approach 570
The Developing Brain: The Brain and Adolescent Cognition 571
Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex 571
Synaptic Pruning and Increased Myelination 572
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: The Effects of Experience 573
Learning and Schooling 574
Sex Differences in Math and Verbal Skills 574
Academic Motivation 576
Research Insights: Can Knowledge About Income Difference Motivate Students? 578
Research Insights: Can You Grow Your Intelligence? 579
Focus On: Claude Steele 580
Parenting: Promoting School Achievement 580
School Transitions 580
School Completion 582
Policy: The No Child Left Behind Act and High School Completion 583
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: School Completion 583
Culture and Learning Models 585
School and Work 586
Chapter Summary 587
Key Terms 588
Critical Thinking Questions 588
Development 589
Chapter 16 Psychosocial Development in Adolescence 591
MAKING A DIFFERENCE: Peer Court 591
The Development of the Self: Identity 592
Erikson’s Theory 592
Marcia’s Patterns of Identity Status 593
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Identity Achievement and Cognitive Skills 594
Ethnic and Racial Identity 594
Focus On: Janet E. Helms 596
Culture and the Immigrant Paradox 597
Sexual Identity 598
Relating to Others 599
Adolescent–Parent Relationships 599
Parenting: Psychological Control 602
Adolescent–Peer Relationships 603
Moral Development 608
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning 608
Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory 610
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN: Moral Judgments 611
Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior 613
Research Insights: Impulsivity and Reward Seeking 614
Policy: Trying Juveniles as Adults 617
Risk and Resilience 618
Adolescent Depression 618
WHEN SYSTEMS CONNECT: Risk Factors for Depression 618
Research Insights: Treatment for Adolescents with Depression 620
Adolescent Eating Disorders 621
Practice: Positive Youth Development 623
Chapter Summary 625
Key Terms 626
Critical Thinking Questions 626
Development 627
MILESTONES IN ADOLESCENCE 628
