E-Book, Englisch, 408 Seiten, ePub
Harriott / Swanson-Mungerson / Ragheb Thieme Test Prep for the USMLE®: Medical Microbiology and Immunology Q&A
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-1-63853-418-1
Verlag: Thieme
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, 408 Seiten, ePub
ISBN: 978-1-63853-418-1
Verlag: Thieme
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark
by Melphine Harriott, Michelle Swanson-Mungerson, Samia Ragheb, and Matthew Jackson covers major topics taught in immunology and microbiology courses during the first and second year of medical school. Readers will learn how to recall, analyze, integrate, and apply microbiology and immunology knowledge to solve clinical problems.
Key Highlights
- 550 USMLE®-style multiple choice questions classified as easy, moderate, and difficult, including detailed explanations
- Microbiology questions organized by organ system that cover major infectious diseases
- Immunology questions organized by concept including chapters on inflammation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and transplant rejection and anti-tumor responses
This essential resource will help you assess your knowledge and fully prepare for the USMLE® Step 1 or COMLEX Level 1 exam.
Be prepared for your board exam with the Thieme Test Prep for the USMLE® series!
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Section I Immunology
1 General Immunology
2 Inflammation
3 Autoimmune Diseases
4 Immunodeficiency Disorders
5 Hypersensitivity Reactions
6 Transplant Rejection and Cancer Immunology
Section II Microbiology
7 General Microbiology
8 Nervous System Infections
9 Head, Neck, and Respiratory Infections
10 Infections of the Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Bowel/Rectum, Liver and Biliary Tree
11 Renal and Urinary Tract Infections
12 Reproductive and Sexually Transmitted Infections
13 Congenital and Neonatal Infections
14 Skin, Soft Tissue, and Musculoskeletal Infections
15 Cardiovascular, Systemic, Lymph Nodes, and Multi-System Infections
Chapter 2
Inflammation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
? Differentiate between innate immunity and acquired/adaptive immunity.
? Delineate each of the three complement pathways (classical, alternative, lectin), describe how each pathway is activated and regulated, and describe the biological consequences of complement activation.
? Delineate the cellular and molecular events that lead to acute or chronic inflammation.
? Delineate the function(s) of cytokines and chemokines in health and disease.
? Describe the use of immunotherapies (biologicals) in the management and treatment of immune-mediated disease; describe the mode of action of these immunotherapies.
? Describe the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the formation of an atheroma and delineate the immunopathogenesis of plaque development, progression, and rupture.
? Describe the structure of blood group antigens and the clinical consequences of blood type incompatibility.
? Describe central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms that prevent autoimmune reactions.
? Describe the immunopathogenesis, clinical presentation, histopathology, diagnosis, and therapy of inflammatory diseases that affect the endocrine system.
? Describe the cellular and molecular signals that influence T cell differentiation into effector T cell populations (TH1, TH2, TH9, TH17, TFH, Treg, CTL).
? Describe the histopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapy of white blood cell malignancies.
? Explain how a diverse immunological repertoire is generated using limited genetic material and describe the role of allelic exclusion.
? Describe the process of T cell activation, co-stimulation, proliferation, anergy, and apoptosis.
? Delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the immunopathology of systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases.
? Describe the structure, function, and anatomical distribution of human lymphoid organs.
? Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
? Describe the immunopathogenesis, clinical presentation, histopathology, diagnosis, and therapy of inflammatory diseases that affect the:
– respiratory tract.
– musculoskeletal system.
? Describe the structure of blood group antigens and the clinical consequences of blood type incompatibility.
2.1 Questions
| Easy | Medium | Hard |
1. The parents of a 2-week-old neonate brought their infant daughter to the pediatrician because of redness and swelling around the umbilical cord stump. At the time of exam, rectal measurement of body temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). White blood cell count is elevated with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells. Which of the following peptide molecules most likely initiated the acute inflammatory response?
A. C5a
B. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
C. Immunoglobulin G (IgE)
D. Interleukin (IL)-2
E. Transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß)
2. An intravenous drug user presents with a painful skin abscess, which is warm to the touch. Palpation of the infected site reveals fluctuance. Gram stain of the pus from the incision and drainage of the abscess shows many polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following molecules is most likely responsible for the presence of the PMNs?
A. IL-1
B. IL-3
C. IL-8
D. IL-10
E. IL-12
3. Omalizumab is a humanized IgG1? (immunoglobulin G, subclass 1, ? light chain) monoclonal antibody. It is potentially therapeutic in which of the following diseases?
A. Farmer’s lung disease
B. Silicosis
C. Allergic asthma
D. Asbestosis
E. Sarcoidosis
4. A 50-year-old man, with a history of coronary artery disease, experiences chest pain while shoveling snow. Which of the following molecules most likely contributed to his condition?
A. IL-4, IL-13, TGF-ß
B. Interferon ? (IFN-?), myeloperoxidase, reactive oxygen species
C. IL-9, IL-10, TGF-ß
D. IL-2, IL-13, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
E. IFN-ß, IL-4, IL-10
5. A 36-year-old woman, who did not receive prenatal care, gives birth to her third child. The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, and the neonate did not experience any trauma during childbirth. Twelve hours postpartum, the newborn is noted to be jaundiced. His bilirubin level at the time is 7 mg/dL (1.1 mg/dL direct bilirubin). Percentage of reticulocytes is 8% (normal = 2–5% in infants). Platelet and white blood cell counts are normal. The baby’s blood type is A positive. Coombs test results are pending. What is the most likely cause of the baby’s condition?
A. Blockage of the bile duct
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
D. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
E. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
6. A 9-year-old girl has a history of tetany and complains of painful cramping and twitching of her hands and feet. Blood test results reveal the following: parathyroid hormone (PTH) is 100 pg/mL (normal = 230–630 pg/mL) and calcium is 6.0 mg/dL. Biopsy of the parathyroid gland shows infiltration by inflammatory cells. Which of the following is most likely to be defective in this patient?
A. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)
B. CD28
C. B7-1
D. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE)
E. GATA-3
7. A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with a mycobacterial infection. An immune work-up showed a homozygous deletion within the gene for the IL-12p40 subunit. The loss of this protein results in the inability of CD4+ T cells to become effector cells that produce high levels of which of the following?
A. IL-2
B. IL-4
C. IFN-ß
D. IFN-?
E. IL-10
8. A 70-year-old man presents with a 2-week history of back pain. He also reports that he has been feeling unusually tired. He has not had any significant lifestyle changes and has not recently engaged in any strenuous physical activity. Other than pallor, physical examination did not reveal abnormalities. X-ray showed several lytic lesions in the vertebrae and a bone marrow aspirate revealed 35% infiltration with plasma cells (normal: <5%). Pertinent laboratory findings are below.
• CBC:
– RBCs: 3 × 106/µL (normal = 4.3–5.9 × 106/µL)
– WBCs: 3,500/µL (normal = 4,500–11,000/µL)
• IgG: 4,500 mg/dL (normal = 600–1,500 mg/dL)
• Urinalysis:
– Dipstick: 0
– Intratubular casts present
– Positive Bence Jones proteins
Which of the following additional findings are most likely to be seen in this patient?
A. Serum IgG consists of equal proportions of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4
B. Both ? and ? light chains are in excessive quantities in the urine
C. High levels of IgA and IgM in the urine
D. Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections
9. Laboratory results from a serum protein electrophoresis show that there is a sharp spike in the gamma globulin peak. Further testing shows that the ratio of light chains is 1?:6?. Which of the following is most consistent with these findings?
A. IgG ? multiple myeloma
B. IgA ? multiple...
