Goossens Advances in Social and Occupational Ergonomics

Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Social and Occupational Ergonomics, July 21-25, 2018, Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-94000-7
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 792, 437 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

This book reports on cutting-edge research on social and occupational ergonomics, presenting innovative contributions to the optimization of sociotechnical management systems related to organizational, policy, and logistical issues. It discusses timely topics related to communication, crew resource management, work design, participatory design, as well as teamwork, community ergonomics, cooperative work, and warning systems, and explores new work paradigms, organizational cultures, virtual organizations, telework, and quality management. The book also describes pioneering infrastructures implemented for different purposes such as urban, health, and enterprise, and examines the changing role of automated systems, offering innovative solutions that address the needs of particular populations. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Social and Occupational Ergonomics, held in Orlando, Florida, USA on July 21–25, 2018, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current challenges in both organizational and occupational ergonomics, highlighting key connections between them and underlining the importance of emotional factors in influencing human performance.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Goossens, Richard H. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2018;6
2;Preface;8
3;Contents;10
4;Social and Occupational Ergonomics: Evaluation, Optimization and Job Design;15
5;Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Gas Delivery Operations and Stretching Program Design;16
5.1;Abstract;16
5.2;1 Introduction;16
5.3;2 Method;17
5.3.1;2.1 OSHA Analysis;17
5.3.2;2.2 Phase 2: Task Analysis;18
5.3.3;2.3 Phase 3: Stretching Card Design;20
5.4;3 Results;21
5.4.1;3.1 Phase 1: OSHA Analysis;21
5.4.2;3.2 Phase 2: Task Analysis;22
5.4.3;3.3 Phase 3: Stretching Card Design;23
5.5;4 Discussion;25
5.6;5 Conclusion;26
5.7;References;27
6;Evaluating Training for Manual Handling in the Workplace;29
6.1;Abstract;29
6.2;1 Introduction;29
6.2.1;1.1 Manual Material Handling Risks;29
6.2.2;1.2 Training: A Noteworthy Path for Prevention;30
6.2.3;1.3 A New Approach to Material Manual Handling;30
6.2.3.1;1.3.1 An Adapted Content: Handling Principles;30
6.2.3.2;1.3.2 Expanding the Intervention: Going Beyond Training;31
6.2.3.3;1.3.3 Encourage Participation: Learning Through Action;31
6.3;2 Methodology;32
6.3.1;2.1 Data Collection Tools;32
6.3.2;2.2 Characteristics of the Observed TPs;32
6.4;3 Results;34
6.4.1;3.1 Characteristics of Companies and MMH Activities;34
6.4.2;3.2 The Content Presented to the Participants;34
6.4.3;3.3 Going Beyond Training to Firmly Fix the Intervention in the Company’s Habits;35
6.4.4;3.4 Participation of Various Actors;35
6.5;4 Discussion;37
6.5.1;4.1 A Multi-faceted Approach;37
6.5.2;4.2 Diverse Uses of Intervention Mechanisms;37
6.6;5 Conclusion;38
6.7;References;38
7;Intuitionistic Fuzzy REBA Method and Its Application in a Manufacturing Company;40
7.1;Abstract;40
7.2;1 Introduction;40
7.3;2 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Method;41
7.4;3 Methodology;42
7.4.1;3.1 Fuzzy Set;42
7.4.2;3.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets;42
7.4.3;3.3 Intuitionistic Fuzzy REBA Method;44
7.4.4;3.4 Transforming Intuitionistic Fuzzy REBA Scores into Type-1 Fuzzy Scores;45
7.5;4 Application;46
7.6;5 Conclusion;48
7.7;References;48
8;Optimizing the Workstation of a Dentist;49
8.1;Abstract;49
8.2;1 Introduction;49
8.3;2 Methods and Procedures;50
8.3.1;2.1 The Dentist;50
8.3.2;2.2 Task;51
8.3.3;2.3 Equipment and Machines;54
8.3.4;2.4 Work Space;54
8.3.5;2.5 Physical Environment;55
8.3.6;2.6 Work Organization;56
8.4;3 Gaps and Solutions;57
8.5;4 Reassessment;58
8.6;5 Discussion;59
8.7;6 Conclusion;60
8.8;References;60
9;Biomechanical Risk Assessment of Pathologists in the Morgue;61
9.1;Abstract;61
9.2;1 Introduction;61
9.3;2 Materials and Methods;62
9.3.1;2.1 Akward Postures;62
9.3.2;2.2 Manual Handling of Loads;62
9.3.3;2.3 Surface Electromyography (sEMG);63
9.4;3 Results;63
9.4.1;3.1 Awkward Postures;63
9.4.2;3.2 Manual Handling of Loads;63
9.5;4 Conclusions;67
9.6;References;69
10;Job Design and Ergonomic Risk in Administrative Jobs;70
10.1;Abstract;70
10.2;1 Introduction;70
10.3;2 Materials and Methods;71
10.4;3 Results;72
10.5;4 Conclusions;78
10.6;References;79
11;Occupational Health and Safety Challenges Among Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Contractors in South Africa;81
11.1;Abstract;81
11.2;1 Introduction;81
11.3;2 Literature Review;83
11.4;3 Research Methodology;85
11.5;4 Findings and Discussion;85
11.6;5 Conclusion;88
11.7;References;88
12;Dynamics of Resistance in the Change Process;90
12.1;Abstract;90
12.2;1 Introduction;90
12.3;2 Realisation of Change Process and Emergence of Resistance – the Research;91
12.3.1;2.1 Situation 1 – Change of Production Order;92
12.3.2;2.2 Situation 2 – Increase of the Target Value of Process Capability Index Cp;93
12.3.3;2.3 Situation 3 – Reducing the Fraction of Production Rejects by Several Percentage Points;94
12.3.4;2.4 Situation 4 – Employing a New Worker;96
12.3.5;2.5 Situation 5 – Informing a Worker About a Disciplinary Penalty;97
12.4;3 Summary;98
12.5;References;99
13;The Concept of Teaching Modeling and Simulation of Manufacturing Systems;100
13.1;Abstract;100
13.2;1 Introduction;100
13.3;2 Models and Systems;101
13.3.1;2.1 Discrete Event;102
13.3.2;2.2 System Dynamics;103
13.3.3;2.3 Available Tools;103
13.4;3 Teaching Methods;104
13.4.1;3.1 Worldwide Tendency;104
13.4.2;3.2 In Poland;105
13.5;4 The Concept;106
13.6;5 Conclusion;108
13.7;References;108
14;Methods for Assessing the Effectiveness of Language Learning – A Comparative Study;110
14.1;Abstract;110
14.2;1 Introduction;110
14.3;2 Basic Principles in Formative and Summative Assessment;111
14.4;3 Challenges in Language Assessment;111
14.5;4 Assessment Validity, Reliability, Practicality and Appropriateness;112
14.6;5 A Brief Overview of Assessment Instruments;113
14.7;6 Concluding Remarks;118
14.8;References;119
15;A Look at the Ergonomic Situation of the Bakery Industry in the City of Quito, Ecuador;120
15.1;Abstract;120
15.2;1 Introduction;120
15.3;2 Materials and Methods;121
15.4;3 Results;122
15.5;4 Conclusions;124
15.6;References;125
16;The Case for Paternity Leave in Ghana: Imperatives and Implications for Gender Parity;126
16.1;Abstract;126
16.2;1 Introduction;126
16.3;2 Arguments for Paternity Leave;127
16.3.1;2.1 Family Case for Paternity Leave;127
16.3.2;2.2 Business Case for Paternity Leave;128
16.4;3 Paternity Leave in Ghana: The Position of the Law;128
16.5;4 Illustrative Cases of Paternity Leave Around the World;130
16.5.1;4.1 Europe, Asia and America;130
16.5.2;4.2 Africa;132
16.6;5 Implications for Gender Parity;132
16.7;6 Conclusion;133
16.8;References;134
17;Ergonomics in Reuse and Recycling of Solid Materials: Demand Analysis;137
17.1;Abstract;137
17.2;1 Introduction;137
17.3;2 Analysis of the Work Organization;138
17.3.1;2.1 Identification of Sectors;139
17.3.2;2.2 Description of Activities;143
17.4;3 Conclusions;144
17.5;References;144
18;Workplace and Sexual Harassment: Time to Take a Second Look at the Law?;146
18.1;Abstract;146
18.2;1 Introduction;146
18.3;2 Sexual Harassment;147
18.3.1;2.1 Meaning and Controversies;147
18.3.2;2.2 Abuse of Power;148
18.3.3;2.3 A 21st Century Perspective;149
18.4;3 Sexual Harassment: A Global Menace;150
18.5;4 Problems with the Current Ghanaian Law;151
18.6;5 Conclusion;152
18.7;References;153
19;Social and Occupational Factors of Comfort, Discomfort and Pain;154
20;Fuzzy Model Evaluation of Vehicles Ergonomics and Its Influence on Occupational Diseases;155
20.1;Abstract;155
20.2;1 Introduction;155
20.3;2 Models and Methods;157
20.4;3 Synthesis Results;159
20.5;4 Conclusion;162
20.6;References;162
21;How to Improve Ancient Handcraft: The Bobbin Lace;167
21.1;Abstract;167
21.2;1 Introduction;167
21.3;2 The Bobbin Lace;168
21.4;3 Conclusions;172
21.5;Acknowledgments;172
21.6;References;173
22;The Need for Ergonomic Studies for the Reduction of Injuries and Redesign of Tools in the Agricultural Sector Through TRIZ;174
22.1;Abstract;174
22.2;1 Introduction;174
22.3;2 Background;175
22.4;3 Methods;176
22.5;4 Results;178
22.6;5 Discussion;181
22.7;Acknowledgments;182
22.8;References;182
23;A Postural Analysis of Rice Farming in San Miguel, Bulacan;184
23.1;Abstract;184
23.2;1 Introduction;184
23.2.1;1.1 Background of the Study;184
23.2.2;1.2 Rationale of the Study;185
23.2.3;1.3 Scope and Limitations;185
23.3;2 Methodology;186
23.4;3 Results and Discussion;186
23.5;4 Conclusion;188
23.6;5 Recommendations;188
23.7;Acknowledgements;190
23.8;References;190
24;Social and Occupational Ergonomics of Stress, Mental Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders;192
25;Addressing Mental Health Consequences of Social Networking from the Social Services Perspective;193
25.1;Abstract;193
25.2;1 Introduction;193
25.3;2 Related Work;195
25.4;3 Assessment Tool Design;196
25.5;4 Risk Assessment and Treatment;198
25.5.1;4.1 Occurrence;199
25.5.2;4.2 Outcome;199
25.5.3;4.3 Severity;199
25.5.4;4.4 Cause;200
25.5.5;4.5 Status;200
25.6;5 Conclusion and Future Work;200
25.7;References;201
26;Ergonomic Analysis of the Operators’ Activity in an Industrial Agri-Food Workshop;203
26.1;Abstract;203
26.2;1 Introduction;203
26.3;2 Materials and Methods;204
26.4;3 Results;205
26.5;4 Discussion and Conclusion;209
26.6;References;209
27;A Systematic Review of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Among Port Workers;211
27.1;Abstract;211
27.2;1 Introduction;211
27.2.1;1.1 The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs);211
27.2.2;1.2 Port Worker Related MSDs;212
27.2.2.1;1.2.1 Port Worker Definition;212
27.2.2.2;1.2.2 Port Labor-Related MSDs;212
27.2.3;1.3 Research Question;213
27.3;2 Methodology;213
27.3.1;2.1 Criteria for Inclusion;213
27.4;3 Results;214
27.4.1;3.1 Lower Back;214
27.4.2;3.2 Neck;216
27.4.3;3.3 Shoulder;216
27.4.4;3.4 Knee;217
27.4.5;3.5 Ankle;217
27.4.6;3.6 Hand and Wrist;217
27.4.7;3.7 Leg;217
27.4.8;3.8 Elbow;218
27.4.9;3.9 Feet;218
27.4.10;3.10 Lumbar Sciatica;218
27.5;4 Discussion;218
27.5.1;4.1 Assessment of Port-Related MSDs;218
27.5.2;4.2 Intervention;219
27.5.2.1;4.2.1 Ergonomics;219
27.5.2.2;4.2.2 Position Correction;219
27.5.2.3;4.2.3 Workstation;219
27.5.2.4;4.2.4 Therapy;219
27.6;5 Conclusion;220
27.7;References;220
28;Ergonomic Evaluation of Risk Level by Exposure to Forced Postures in Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in Ecuador;222
28.1;Abstract;222
28.2;1 Introduction;222
28.3;2 Methodology;223
28.3.1;2.1 Steps for the Application of the Ergonomic Methods;223
28.3.2;2.2 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA);224
28.3.3;2.3 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA);225
28.4;3 Results;225
28.5;4 Discussion;226
28.6;Acknowledgments;226
28.7;References;227
29;Applied Forces and sEMG Activity Contribution to Risk Assessment for Assistance Workers Helping Passengers with Restricted Mobility;228
29.1;Abstract;228
29.2;1 Introduction;228
29.2.1;1.1 Task Description;229
29.3;2 Materials and Methods;229
29.3.1;2.1 Experimental Setup;229
29.3.2;2.2 Surface Electromyography;230
29.3.3;2.3 Pushing Forces;230
29.3.4;2.4 Statistical Analysis;231
29.4;3 Results;232
29.4.1;3.1 Pushing Forces;232
29.4.2;3.2 Surface Electromyography;232
29.5;4 Conclusions;235
29.6;References;236
30;Ergonomic and Anthropometric Preliminary Study to Determine Whether Moving a Loaded Cart Can Cause Musculoskeletal Disorders;237
30.1;Abstract;237
30.2;1 Introduction;237
30.3;2 Study Case;238
30.4;3 Methodology for Specialized Risk Estimation and Evaluation;238
30.4.1;3.1 Anthropometric Study;239
30.4.1.1;3.1.1 Mean, Standard Deviation and Relative Frequency;239
30.4.1.2;3.1.2 Graphic Representation;240
30.4.2;3.2 Procedure to Estimate the Synthetic Distribution of Strength;240
30.4.2.1;3.2.1 Collecting Input Data;240
30.4.2.2;3.2.2 Determining Muscle Force Limits;241
30.4.3;3.3 Risk Estimation and Evaluation;242
30.4.3.1;3.3.1 Adjustments to Basic Force Limits FBr;242
30.4.3.2;3.3.2 Skeletal-Strength-Based Force Limits FC and FLS;242
30.4.3.3;3.3.3 Limiting Force FL and Safety Limit FS;243
30.5;4 Evaluation Risk Results and Discussions;244
30.6;5 Conclusions;245
30.7;References;245
31;The Blessings and Curses of Job Stress: Exploring the Job Stress – OCB/CWB Nexus Among Ghanaian Bankers;246
31.1;Abstract;246
31.2;1 Introduction;246
31.3;2 Theoretical Underpinning and Hypotheses Development;247
31.3.1;2.1 Job Stress;247
31.3.2;2.2 Voluntary Work Behaviour;248
31.3.3;2.3 Review of Theories;248
31.4;3 Method;249
31.4.1;3.1 Participants and Procedures;249
31.4.2;3.2 Measures;249
31.5;4 Results;250
31.5.1;4.1 Hypothesis 1;250
31.5.2;4.2 Hypothesis 2;251
31.6;5 Discussion;251
31.7;6 Practical Implications;253
31.8;7 Limitations and Recommendations for Future Research;254
31.9;8 Conclusion;254
31.10;Appendix A;255
31.11;References;255
32;Quality of Work Life in Health Care Workers in Guadalajara, Mexico;258
32.1;Abstract;258
32.2;1 Introduction;258
32.3;2 Aim;262
32.4;3 Methodology;262
32.5;4 Results;263
32.6;5 Discussion;264
32.7;6 Conclusions;265
32.8;References;266
33;Work Posture Analysis in the Ergonomic Assessment of Products - A Case Study;268
33.1;Abstract;268
33.2;1 Introduction;268
33.3;2 Methods - An Example of the Ergonomic Conformity of a Tool;269
33.4;3 Results of Investigation;271
33.5;4 Conclusion;279
33.6;References;280
34;Human Factors in Sports and Amusement Industry;282
35;Federal Legislation: Regulation of Ride System G-forces Versus Amusement Industry Autonomy: Designing for Human Endurance;283
35.1;Abstract;283
35.2;1 Introduction;283
35.3;2 Background;284
35.3.1;2.1 Ride Systems Dynamics;284
35.3.2;2.2 Industry Consensus Standards;284
35.3.3;2.3 Amusement Ride Oversight;285
35.3.4;2.4 Lobbying for Federal Legislation;285
35.3.5;2.5 The Science of Biomechanics;286
35.4;3 Method and Results;286
35.4.1;3.1 Ride Injury Reporting;287
35.4.2;3.2 Brain Injury Association of America;287
35.4.3;3.3 CPSC National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS);288
35.4.4;3.4 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS);288
35.4.5;3.5 Individual Tolerance to Sustained G-forces;289
35.4.6;3.6 Characteristics Associated with Acceleration;289
35.5;4 Discussion;289
35.6;5 Conclusions and Recommendations;290
35.7;6 Bibliography;290
35.8;References;292
36;Unobtrusive Bioanalytics for Impact–Related Sport Activities;293
36.1;Abstract;293
36.2;1 Introduction;293
36.3;2 Methods;295
36.3.1;2.1 Smart Mouthguard;295
36.3.2;2.2 Video Stream;296
36.3.3;2.3 Image Analysis;296
36.3.4;2.4 Simulated Respiratory Rate Detection;298
36.3.5;2.5 Data Analysis;298
36.4;3 Results;299
36.5;4 Discussion;299
36.6;Acknowledgments;300
36.7;References;301
37;A Test Setting to Enhance Bobsled Performance at Start Phase;302
37.1;Abstract;302
37.2;1 Introduction;302
37.3;2 Materials and Methods;303
37.3.1;2.1 Participants;303
37.3.2;2.2 Test Setup;303
37.3.3;2.3 Pilot and Brakeman Experiments;304
37.3.4;2.4 Analysis;305
37.4;3 Results;306
37.4.1;3.1 Calibration;306
37.4.2;3.2 Pilot Brakeman Experiments;308
37.5;4 Discussion;308
37.5.1;4.1 Limitations;308
37.5.2;4.2 Future Work;309
37.6;References;310
38;Risk Analysis in Mountain Bike, Using Questionnaire and Event Tree Analysis (ETA);311
38.1;Abstract;311
38.2;1 Introduction;311
38.3;2 Method;312
38.4;3 Result;312
38.4.1;3.1 Training Time;313
38.4.2;3.2 Maximun Threshold of Effort;313
38.4.3;3.3 Protective Equipment;313
38.4.4;3.4 Status Recognition of the Walking Route;313
38.4.5;3.5 Bicycle Maintenance;314
38.4.6;3.6 Adverse Track Conditions;314
38.4.7;3.7 Obstacles on the Track and Its Relationship with Accidents;314
38.5;4 Correlations;314
38.6;5 Event Tree Analysis;315
38.7;6 Conclusion;316
38.8;Acknowledgments;316
38.9;References;316
39;The Influence of Dry Cupping of Differing Intensities on Heart Rate Variability;317
39.1;Abstract;317
39.2;1 Introduction;317
39.3;2 Methods;318
39.3.1;2.1 Participants;318
39.3.2;2.2 Quantitative Pressure of the Dry Cupping Procedure;319
39.3.3;2.3 Design;320
39.3.4;2.4 Measurement of HRV;321
39.3.5;2.5 Statistical Analysis;321
39.4;3 Results and Discussion;322
39.4.1;3.1 Effect on HRV of Dry Cupping at a Negative Pressure of 100 mmHg;322
39.4.2;3.2 Effect on HRV of Cupping with Medium and High Intensity Negative Pressure;323
39.4.3;3.3 Cupping Improved HRV over Time;323
39.5;4 Conclusions;324
39.6;Acknowledgments;324
39.7;References;324
40;Three-Dimensional Elastography Gradient of the Plantar Soft Tissue: Methodology and Preliminary Study;326
40.1;Abstract;326
40.2;1 Introduction;326
40.3;2 Methods;327
40.3.1;2.1 Participants;327
40.3.2;2.2 Elasticity Measurements;327
40.3.3;2.3 Data Analysis and Statistics;328
40.4;3 Results and Discussion;332
40.5;References;334
41;Design of an Enhanced Disc Golf Game to Facilitate Players with Visual Impairments;336
41.1;Abstract;336
41.2;1 Introduction;336
41.3;2 Human Factors Considerations;337
41.3.1;2.1 System Requirements;338
41.3.2;2.2 Operational Need and Concept;339
41.3.3;2.3 Characteristics of Potential Users;339
41.3.4;2.4 Function Flow Analysis;340
41.4;3 Prototype;340
41.4.1;3.1 Evaluation of Prototype;341
41.4.2;3.2 Results of Evaluation;341
41.4.3;3.3 Limitations and Proposed Improvements;342
41.5;4 Conclusion and Future Work;343
41.6;Acknowledgments;343
41.7;References;343
42;Measuring Tactics of Taking the Ball Away from Defenders in the Japanese Football League;344
42.1;Abstract;344
42.2;1 Introduction;344
42.3;2 Literature Review;345
42.4;3 Conceptual Models for Ball Interceptions;346
42.5;4 Data;347
42.5.1;4.1 Descriptive Statistics;347
42.5.1.1;4.1.1 Number of Entire Interceptions;347
42.5.1.2;4.1.2 Average Time and Distance for Interceptions;348
42.5.1.3;4.1.3 Interceptions Within x Seconds;349
42.5.1.4;4.1.4 Interceptions Within x Meters;349
42.5.1.5;4.1.4 Interceptions Within x Meters;349
42.5.1.6;4.1.5 Intercepted Areas;350
42.5.1.7;4.1.6 Number of Interceptions Led to Shoot a Goal;351
42.5.1.8;4.1.7 Number of Players at the Time of Interceptions;352
42.6;5 Cluster Analysis;353
42.7;6 Principal Component Analysis;353
42.8;7 Discussion;354
42.9;8 Conclusion;356
42.10;Acknowledgments;356
42.11;References;356
43;Proposing a Model to Catch the Momentum of Games: Visualization of Momentum in Japanese Professional Baseball;357
43.1;Abstract;357
43.2;1 Introduction;357
43.3;2 Literature Review;358
43.3.1;2.1 Hot-Hand and Streaks;358
43.3.2;2.2 “NAGARE” in Japanese Sports;359
43.4;3 Model Construction;359
43.4.1;3.1 “NAGARE” Model by Game Situation;360
43.4.2;3.2 “NAGARE” Model by Performances;363
43.5;4 Test of “NAGARE” Model;365
43.5.1;4.1 Test of “NAGARE” Model Part 1;365
43.5.2;4.2 Test of “NAGARE” Model Part 2;366
43.5.3;4.3 Test of “NAGARE” Model Part3;367
43.6;5 Conclusion and Future Study;368
43.7;Acknowledgments;368
43.8;References;368
44;The Present and Future of Macroergonomic Systems;370
45;The Future of Macroergonomic Manufacturing Systems;371
45.1;Abstract;371
45.2;1 Introduction;371
45.3;2 Modern Macroergonomic Structures;372
45.4;3 The Changes of Manufacturing Paradigm;374
45.5;4 Research;375
45.6;5 Research Results and Conclusions;378
45.7;References;379
46;Improvement Method of Subcontract Phase of Production Process in IT Production Management System – C ...;381
46.1;Abstract;381
46.2;1 Introduction;381
46.3;2 Main Directions and Theories of Improving Organization;382
46.4;3 Organizational Method;382
46.5;4 Sources of Contemporary Scientific Research Methodology;383
46.6;5 Typology of Methods of Organizational Problems Solving;385
46.7;6 Subcontracting Phase in IT Production Management System;387
46.8;7 Improvement Method of Subcontracting Phase in IT System;389
46.9;8 Conclusions;390
46.10;References;391
47;Clothing Distribution Optimization for Rental Company Warehouse;392
47.1;Abstract;392
47.2;1 Introduction;392
47.3;2 Clothing Rental Company;393
47.4;3 Work Clothing Storage;395
47.5;4 Modeling and Optimization of Clothing Distribution;398
47.6;5 Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Problem;400
47.7;6 Conclusion;402
47.8;References;402
48;Impact of Office Design on Satisfaction of Government Employees in Laguna Provincial Capitol, Philip ...;404
48.1;Abstract;404
48.2;1 Introduction;404
48.2.1;1.1 Significance of the Study;405
48.2.2;1.2 Scopes and Limitations of the Study;406
48.3;2 Literature Review;406
48.3.1;2.1 Office Types;406
48.3.2;2.2 Employee Satisfaction;406
48.3.3;2.3 Office Design;407
48.4;3 Methodology;407
48.5;4 Results and Discussion;409
48.5.1;4.1 Distribution of Data;409
48.5.2;4.2 Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction;410
48.5.3;4.3 Importance-Satisfaction Analysis;410
48.6;5 Summary and Conclusion;411
48.7;6 Recommendation;411
48.8;Acknowledgements;413
48.9;Appendix: Importance-Satisfaction Matrix Summary;413
48.10;References;414
49;Macroergonomics Factors Generating Work Time Losses in Interpretation of Grey Systems Theory;415
49.1;Abstract;415
49.2;1 Introduction;415
49.3;2 Technical Determinants of Work Time Losses;416
49.4;3 Analysis of Humanization Causes of Work Time Losses with Grey Systems Theory;418
49.5;4 Research;419
49.5.1;4.1 Research Description;419
49.5.2;4.2 Analysis of the Causes of Work Time Losses in Concepts of Grey Systems Theory;420
49.5.3;4.3 Analysis of the Similarity of Observation Vectors of Grey Systems (GRA);422
49.6;5 Summary;425
49.7;References;425
50;Psychosocial Toxicity in Colombian Service Companies;427
50.1;Abstract;427
50.2;1 Introduction;427
50.3;2 Method;429
50.3.1;2.1 Inventory of Used Instruments;430
50.3.2;2.2 Phases of the Study;430
50.3.3;2.3 Population and Sample;431
50.4;3 Results;431
50.4.1;3.1 Individual Conditions;431
50.4.2;3.2 Intra - Occupational Conditions;432
50.4.3;3.3 Extra - Occupational Conditions;432
50.4.4;3.4 Stress Conditions;433
50.5;4 Discussion;433
50.5.1;4.1 Mobbing;433
50.5.2;4.2 Psychosocial Toxicological Determinants;434
50.6;5 Conclusions;434
50.7;References;435
51;Author Index;436