E-Book, Englisch, Band 64, 573 Seiten
Gerner A Grammar of Nuosu
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-3-11-030867-9
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
E-Book, Englisch, Band 64, 573 Seiten
Reihe: Mouton Grammar Library [MGL]ISSN
ISBN: 978-3-11-030867-9
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Zielgruppe
Tibeto-Burman Linguists, Typologists, Scholars of Language Contac
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Acknowledgement;8
2;Preface;9
3;List of Tables;23
4;Abbreviations;27
5;1 The people and their environment;31
5.1;1.1 Nuosu history;31
5.2;1.2 Nuosu society;34
5.3;1.3 Nuosu culture and religion;36
6;2 Language background;37
6.1;2.1 Genetic affiliation of Nuosu;37
6.2;2.2 Nuosu and its dialects;37
6.3;2.3 Literature survey on Nuosu;39
6.4;2.4 Typological profile of Nuosu;41
6.4.1;2.4.1 Phonology;41
6.4.2;2.4.2 Morphology;42
6.4.3;2.4.3 Syntax;45
6.4.4;2.4.4 Pragmatics;50
7;3 Phonology;51
7.1;3.1 Sounds and tones;51
7.1.1;3.1.1 Consonants;51
7.1.1.1;A. Stops;51
7.1.1.2;B. Fricatives;53
7.1.1.3;C. Affricates;54
7.1.1.4;D. Nasals and laterals;54
7.1.2;3.1.2 Vowels;55
7.1.3;3.1.3 Tones;57
7.2;3.2 Phonological processes;57
7.2.1;3.2.1 Creaky voice;57
7.2.2;3.2.2 Tone sandhi;58
7.2.3;3.2.3 Syllable structure;60
7.3;3.3 The logographic script;61
7.3.1;3.3.1 Introduction;61
7.3.2;3.3.2 Nuosu syllabary;62
8;4 Word structure;63
8.1;4.1 Word categories;63
8.1.1;4.1.1 Open categories;63
8.1.2;4.1.2 Closed and semi-closed categories;63
8.2;4.2 Affixation;64
8.2.1;4.2.1 Inventory of prefixes;65
8.2.1.1;A. Size prefixes;65
8.2.1.2;B. Fruit prefix syp-;65
8.2.1.3;C. gga- ‘road’;65
8.2.1.4;D. co- ‘person’ (also as free morpheme);66
8.2.1.5;E. ddop- ‘word’;66
8.2.1.6;F. hxie- ‘heart’;66
8.2.1.7;G. ke- ‘mouth’;66
8.2.1.8;H. mu- ‘place, sky, steam’;67
8.2.1.9;I. o- ‘head’;67
8.2.2;4.2.2 Inventory of suffixes;68
8.2.2.1;A. Nominalizer suffixes;68
8.2.2.2;B. Gender/age suffixes;70
8.2.2.3;C. Adjectivizer suffixes;71
8.3;4.3 Reduplication;71
8.3.1;4.3.1 Nouns;72
8.3.2;4.3.2 Classifiers;73
8.3.3;4.3.3 Personal pronouns;75
8.3.4;4.3.4 Verbs;76
8.3.5;4.3.5 Adjectives;77
8.3.6;4.3.6 Colour ideophones;79
8.3.7;4.3.7 Idioms;81
8.3.7.1;AABB;81
8.3.7.2;ABAB;81
8.3.7.3;ABCB;81
8.3.7.4;ABAC;83
8.3.7.5;ABCD;84
8.4;4.4 Compounding;85
8.4.1;4.4.1 Nominal compounds;85
8.4.1.1;A and B are unrelated in meaning;85
8.4.1.2;A and B are figuratively related;85
8.4.1.3;A and B are parallel;86
8.4.1.4;A is the material of which B is made;86
8.4.1.5;B denotes a part of A;86
8.4.1.6;A is the producer of B;87
8.4.1.7;A is processed into B;87
8.4.1.8;A describes the kind or nature of B;87
8.4.1.9;B is a unit of A;88
8.4.1.10;A denotes the body part on which B is worn;88
8.4.1.11;B is a piece of equipment used in a means of transport, A;88
8.4.1.12;B denotes the dwelling or storing place of A;88
8.4.1.13;A denotes the body part of disease B;89
8.4.1.14;B is a representative symbol for A;89
8.4.1.15;A denotes the sign in Chinese zodiac for time unit B;89
8.4.2;4.4.2 Verbal compounds;90
8.4.2.1;A and B are unrelated;90
8.4.2.2;A and B are antonymic;90
8.4.2.3;A and B are parallel;90
8.4.2.4;B denotes resultative state of A;91
8.4.3;4.4.3 Mixed compounds;91
8.4.3.1;A is noun and B is verb;91
8.4.3.2;A is noun and B is classifier;91
8.4.3.3;A is verb and B is classifier;92
9;5 The noun phrase;93
9.1;5.1 Introduction;93
9.1.1;5.1.1 Constructions of the noun phrase;93
9.1.2;5.1.2 The order of components in the noun phrase;94
9.2;5.2 Qualifying nouns;96
9.2.1;5.2.1 Noun classifiers;96
9.2.1.1;A. Animate sortal classifiers;96
9.2.1.2;B. Inanimate sortal classifiers;98
9.2.1.3;C. Diverse small-range sortal classifiers;104
9.2.1.4;D. Mixed nominal and verbal classifiers;105
9.2.1.5;E. Collectivizers;106
9.2.1.6;F. Partitioners and subclassifiers;108
9.2.1.7;G. Measure Words;110
9.2.1.8;H. Auto-classifiers;113
9.2.2;5.2.2 Possession;113
9.2.3;5.2.3 Adjectival modification;117
9.2.4;5.2.4 Nominalization;119
9.2.4.1;A. The nominalizer su;119
9.2.4.2;B. The nominalizers ddu and dde;124
9.2.4.3;C. Appendix: The particle su;128
9.3;5.3 Quantifying nouns;131
9.3.1;5.3.1 Numerals;131
9.3.1.1;A. Cardinal numbers;131
9.3.1.2;B. Ordinal numbers;133
9.3.2;5.3.2 Noun quantifiers;135
9.3.2.1;A. The quantifier mu ‘whole/all’;135
9.3.2.2;B. The quantifier zzix ap zzi ‘every’;137
9.3.2.3;C. The quantifier kep nyix ‘several’;139
9.3.2.4;D. The quantifier ax pa ‘other’;140
9.3.2.5;E. The quantifiers ax nyi ‘much’ / ix nyi ‘few’;141
9.3.2.6;F. The quantifier cyp gge ‘some’;143
9.3.2.7;G. The quantifier ax di ‘only’;143
9.3.2.8;H. The quantifiers ax nyi yix nyi ‘at most’ / ix nyi yix nyi ‘at least’;146
9.3.2.9;I. Other quantifying expressions;147
9.3.2.10;J. Appendix: The particle mu;148
9.3.3;5.3.3 The additive noun conjunction si nip ‘and’;150
9.4;5.4 Localizing nouns;153
9.4.1;5.4.1 Personal pronouns;153
9.4.1.1;A. The basic pronouns;153
9.4.1.2;B. The logophors;157
9.4.1.3;C. The dual pronouns;164
9.4.1.4;D. The possessive pronouns;165
9.4.1.5;E. The personal pronoun sut ‘someone else’;167
9.4.1.6;F. The versatile pronoun go;168
9.4.1.7;G. Appendix: The particle go;170
9.4.2;5.4.2 Reflexive anaphors;173
9.4.2.1;A. zyt jie ‘self’ as short-distance anaphor;173
9.4.2.2;B. zyt jie ‘self’ as long-distance anaphor;174
9.4.2.3;C. zyt jie ‘self’ as emphatic pronoun;177
9.4.2.4;D. yip dde ‘original-self’ as emphatic pronoun;178
9.4.3;5.4.3 Demonstratives;178
9.4.3.1;A. The demonstratives cyx and a zzyx;180
9.4.3.2;B. The demonstrative xip;183
9.4.3.3;C. The demonstratives cyp xip, a zzyx xip and xip mu;185
9.4.3.4;D. The demonstratives tit and a ddit;187
9.4.4;5.4.4 Bare common nouns;189
9.4.5;5.4.5 Indefinite and definite articles;190
9.4.6;5.4.6 Interrogative / indefinite pronouns;195
9.4.6.1;A. The pronoun kax ddi ‘who’;196
9.4.6.2;B. The pronoun xix ‘what/which’;197
9.4.6.3;C. The pronoun kep nyix ‘how much/many’;198
9.4.6.4;D. The pronoun kat go ‘where’;200
9.4.6.5;E. The pronoun kep te go ‘when’;201
9.4.6.6;F. The pronoun kep mu ‘how’;202
9.4.6.7;G. The pronoun xix jjip hnex ‘why’;204
10;6 The verb phrase;205
10.1;6.1 Predicative constructions;205
10.1.1;6.1.1 Nominal predicates;205
10.1.2;6.1.2 Copular predicate;206
10.1.2.1;A. Basic functions;207
10.1.2.2;B. Derived functions;210
10.1.3;6.1.3 Adjectival predicates;212
10.1.4;6.1.4 Verbal predicates;217
10.1.4.1;A. Intransitive verbs;217
10.1.4.2;B. Monotransitive verbs;219
10.1.4.3;C. Ambitransitive verbs;222
10.1.4.4;D. Ditransitive verbs;226
10.1.4.5;E. Simplex/complex verb pairs;229
10.2;6.2 Coverbs;233
10.2.1;6.2.1 Agent coverbs;234
10.2.1.1;A. The coverb gep ‘add’;234
10.2.1.2;B. The coverb sip ‘take’;237
10.2.1.3;C. The complex coverb gep sip;239
10.2.1.4;D. Appendix: The particles sip/six;239
10.2.2;6.2.2 Patient coverbs;241
10.2.2.1;A. The coverb ddie ‘prepare’;242
10.2.3;6.2.3 Causee coverbs;243
10.2.3.1;A. The coverb bbyp/bbyx ‘give’;243
10.2.3.2;B. The coverb ddie ‘prepare’;245
10.2.3.3;C. The coverb ga ‘drop’;246
10.2.3.4;D. The coverb shu ‘make’;247
10.2.4;6.2.4 Recipient coverbs;249
10.2.4.1;A. The coverb bbyp/bbyx ‘give’;249
10.2.4.2;B. The coverb jox;252
10.2.5;6.2.5 Locative coverbs;253
10.2.5.1;A. The coverb da ‘put’;253
10.2.5.2;B. The coverb ddip/ddix ‘say’;255
10.2.5.3;C. The coverb zyp/zyx ‘lean’;257
10.2.5.4;D. The coverb mo ‘see’;258
10.2.6;6.2.6 Directional coverbs;259
10.2.6.1;A. The coverb xi ‘arrive’;259
10.2.6.2;B. The coverb hxep/hxex ‘see’;261
10.2.6.3;C. The coverb chop ‘along’;262
10.2.7;6.2.7 Oblique coverbs;263
10.2.7.1;A. The coverb six ‘take’;264
10.2.7.2;B. The coverb sat ‘point to’;265
10.2.7.3;C. The coverb mga ‘pass’;266
10.2.7.4;D. The coverb mgep/mgex ‘mix’;268
10.2.7.5;E. The coverb rrox mu;269
10.2.7.6;F. The coverb qo ‘follow’;271
10.2.7.7;G. The coverb wa mgot ‘pursue’;272
10.3;6.3 Locative phrases;273
10.3.1;6.3.1 The structure of locative phrases;273
10.3.2;6.3.2 The position of locative phrases;277
10.4;6.4 Directional phrases;278
10.4.1;6.4.1 Directional particles and verbs;278
10.4.2;6.4.2 Types of directional phrases;281
11;7 Tense and aspect;283
11.1;7.1 Introduction;283
11.1.1;7.1.1 The theory of situation types;283
11.1.1.1;A. The four Vendlerian situation types;283
11.1.1.2;B. Object, event and state structure;284
11.1.2;7.1.2 The theory of tense;286
11.1.3;7.1.3 Aspect and tense categories in Nuosu;287
11.2;7.2 Phasal auxiliaries;287
11.2.1;7.2.1 Specialized expressions;287
11.2.1.1;A. go mox ‘beginning’;288
11.2.1.2;B. jjup zot da ‘continue’;288
11.2.2;7.2.2 Grammaticalized verbs;289
11.2.2.1;A. hxep ‘look’;289
11.2.2.2;B. la ‘come’;290
11.2.2.3;C. go zix ‘insert’;291
11.2.2.4;D. ddur ‘exit’;292
11.3;7.3 Resultative auxiliaries;294
11.3.1;7.3.1 Specialized expressions;294
11.3.2;7.3.2 Grammaticalized verbs;295
11.3.2.1;A. wex ‘get’;295
11.3.2.2;B. sha ‘send’;296
11.3.2.3;C. ssop ‘shine’;298
11.3.2.4;D. ndox ‘put’;299
11.4;7.4 Progressive aspect;301
11.4.1;7.4.1 The progressive particle njuo;301
11.4.1.1;A. Punctual events;301
11.4.1.2;B. Homogenous events;302
11.4.1.3;C. Quantized events;304
11.4.1.4;D. Bounded events;305
11.4.1.5;E. States;306
11.4.2;7.4.2 The progressive particle ge;308
11.4.2.1;A. Punctual events;308
11.4.2.2;B. Homogenous events;309
11.4.2.3;C. Quantized events;309
11.4.2.4;D. Bounded events;310
11.4.2.5;E. States;311
11.5;7.5 Perfective aspect;313
11.5.1;7.5.1 The exhaustion particle sat;313
11.5.1.1;A. Objects;314
11.5.1.2;B. Events;317
11.5.1.3;C. States;321
11.5.1.4;D. Synthesis;324
11.6;7.6 Quantitative aspect;325
11.6.1;7.6.1 The experiental particle nzox;326
11.6.1.1;A. Unrepeatable situations;326
11.6.1.2;B. Weak-repeatable situations;327
11.6.1.3;C. Strong-repeatable situations;328
11.6.1.4;D. Synthesis;329
11.6.2;7.6.2 The periodical particle ndit;329
11.6.2.1;A. Unrepeatable situations;329
11.6.2.2;B. Weak-repeatable situations;330
11.6.2.3;C. Strong-repeatable situations;333
11.6.2.4;D. The verbal meaning of ndit;334
11.6.2.5;E. Synthesis;335
11.6.3;7.6.3 The habitual particle go shex;335
11.6.3.1;A. Unrepeatable situations;335
11.6.3.2;B. Weak-repeatable situations;336
11.6.3.3;C. Strong-repeatable situations;338
11.6.3.4;D. Synthesis;339
11.6.4;7.6.4 Verb classifiers;339
11.6.4.1;A. Terminology;339
11.6.4.2;B. Sortal verb classifiers;340
11.6.4.3;C. Mensural verb classifiers;342
11.6.4.4;D. Double classifiers of nouns and verbs;347
11.6.4.5;E. Synthesis;350
11.7;7.7 Perfect;351
11.7.1;7.7.1 The stative perfect particle da;352
11.7.1.1;A. Basic analysis;352
11.7.1.2;B. The conjunctions mu da and nyi mu da;356
11.7.2;7.7.2 The dynamic perfect particle ox;359
11.7.2.1;A. Basic analysis;359
11.7.2.2;B. Co-occurrence of ox and da;362
11.7.3;7.7.3 Appendix: The particle da;363
11.7.3.1;A. The main verb da ‘put’;363
11.7.3.2;B. The conjunction mu da;363
11.7.3.3;C. The perfect particle da;364
11.7.3.4;D. The perfect particle da with coverbs;364
11.7.3.5;E. The location coverb da;365
11.7.3.6;F. The source coverb da;365
11.7.3.7;G. Historical development;365
11.8;7.8 Tense;366
11.8.1;7.8.1 The future tense particle mix;366
11.8.1.1;A. Introduction;366
11.8.1.2;B. First person effect;367
11.8.1.3;C. Sufficient condition of future tense;370
11.8.1.4;D. Relative future tense;371
11.8.1.5;E. When the first person effect is suspended;372
11.8.2;7.8.2 Appendix: The particle mix;374
11.8.2.1;A. As solicitation particle;374
11.8.2.2;B. As focus adverb;375
12;8 Modality and evidentiality;376
12.1;8.1 Introduction;376
12.2;8.2 Modality;376
12.2.1;8.2.1 The morphosyntax of modal auxiliaries;377
12.2.1.1;A. Modal auxiliary verbs versus matrix verbs;377
12.2.1.2;B. Modal auxiliaries verbs versus adverbs;384
12.2.1.3;C. List of modal auxiliaries;391
12.2.2;8.2.2 The semantics of modal auxiliaries;392
12.2.2.1;A. The modal ddie ddur ‘need’;392
12.2.2.2;B. The modal tat xi ‘should’;393
12.2.2.3;C. The modals ssox ‘should’ and ddip ssox ‘should’;394
12.2.2.4;D. The modal qi ‘want’;395
12.2.2.5;E. The modal hna ‘willing’;396
12.2.2.6;F. The modal but ‘dare’;397
12.2.2.7;G. The modal get ‘can, able’;398
12.2.2.8;H. The modal hxit ‘can’;399
12.2.2.9;I. The modal dop ‘can’;400
12.2.2.10;J. The modal yix syp ‘able, know-how’;401
12.2.2.11;K. The modal hxi nyi ‘intend’;402
12.2.2.12;L. The modal mo mgu ‘intend’;403
12.2.2.13;M. The modal mo ddix ‘committed’;404
12.2.2.14;N. The modal jox dop ‘prepared’;404
12.3;8.3 Evidentiality;405
12.3.1;8.3.1 The quotative information source;406
12.3.1.1;A. The quotative particle ddix;406
12.3.1.2;B. The complementizer ddix;409
12.3.1.3;C. Other expressions incorporating ddix;410
12.3.2;8.3.2 Other information sources;412
13;9 Adverbs and negation;413
13.1;9.1 Adverbs;413
13.1.1;9.1.1 Adverbial constructions;413
13.1.1.1;A. Predicate-level and sentence-level adverbials;413
13.1.1.2;B. Constructions equivalent to depictives;414
13.1.1.3;C. Oriented adverbials;415
13.1.1.4;D. Free adjuncts;415
13.1.2;9.1.2 Movable adverbs;416
13.1.2.1;A. Temporal adverbs;416
13.1.2.2;B. Other adverbs;418
13.1.3;9.1.3 Immovable adverbs;421
13.1.3.1;A. Manner adverbs;421
13.1.3.2;B. Other adverbs;424
13.1.4;9.1.4 Postverbal adverbs;430
13.2;9.2 Negation;433
13.2.1;9.2.1 Nouns;433
13.2.2;9.2.2 Noun quantifiers;433
13.2.3;9.2.3 Adjectives;434
13.2.4;9.2.4 Verbs;436
13.2.5;9.2.5 Adverbs;437
13.2.6;9.2.6 TAM;439
13.2.7;9.2.7 Declaratives and interrogatives;440
13.2.8;9.2.8 Imperatives;441
14;10 Subject and object;443
14.1;10.1 Introduction;443
14.2;10.2 Simple clauses;444
14.2.1;10.2.1 AOV order in imperfective clauses;445
14.2.1.1;A. Progressive aspect markers;445
14.2.1.2;B. A- or V-oriented manner adverbs;446
14.2.1.3;C. V = V1V2 (V1 activity, V2 directional);446
14.2.2;10.2.2 OAV order in resultative clauses;447
14.2.2.1;A. Resultative auxiliaries;447
14.2.2.2;B. O-oriented manner adverbs;448
14.2.2.3;C. V = V1-six-V2 (V1 activity, V2 directional);448
14.2.3;10.2.3 The indeterminate word order;448
14.2.3.1;A. The grammatical tone on pronouns;449
14.2.3.2;B. The grammatical tone on verbs;450
14.2.3.3;C. The pronoun go;450
14.2.3.4;D. The passive marker gep;452
14.2.4;10.2.4 Left-dislocation;452
14.2.5;10.2.5 The exhaustion particle;453
14.2.6;10.2.6 Pro-Drop;454
14.3;10.3 Complex clauses;456
14.3.1;10.3.1 Coordinate clauses;456
14.3.1.1;A. S-A sequence;456
14.3.1.2;B. S-O sequence;459
14.3.1.3;C. A-O sequence;460
14.3.2;10.3.2 Relative clauses;460
14.3.2.1;A. S-A sequence;461
14.3.2.2;B. S-O sequence;461
14.3.3;10.3.3 Causative clauses;462
14.3.3.1;A. Causee = S;462
14.3.3.2;B. Causee = A;463
14.3.3.3;C. Causee . O;463
14.4;10.4 Synthesis;463
15;11 Valency changing constructions;465
15.1;11.1 Passive;465
15.1.1;11.1.1 The passive postposition;465
15.1.2;11.1.2 The concept of adversity;466
15.1.3;11.1.3 Omission of unimportant demoted subjects;466
15.1.4;11.1.4 Exclusion of low-transitivity verbs;467
15.2;11.2 Reciprocal;468
15.3;11.3 Causative;470
15.3.1;11.3.1 Causative coverbs;470
15.3.2;11.3.2 The causative particle;472
15.4;11.4 Comparison;472
15.4.1;11.4.1 Comparative Constructions;473
15.4.1.1;A. Superiority;473
15.4.1.2;B. Inferiority;476
15.4.1.3;C. Equality;477
15.4.2;11.4.2 Intensification and superlative;479
15.4.2.1;A. The intensifier -jjy-;480
15.4.2.2;B. The superlative -lop-;481
16;12 Versatile constructions;483
16.1;12.1 Presentative constructions;483
16.1.1;12.1.1 The presented and locative noun phrases;483
16.1.2;12.1.2 The existential predicate;484
16.1.2.1;A. The existential verb jjo ‘have’;485
16.1.2.2;B. The existential verb rrur ‘lie about’;486
16.1.2.3;C. The existential verb jjip ‘located’;487
16.1.2.4;D. The existential verb ndit ‘attached’;488
16.1.2.5;E. The existential verb qo ‘contain’;488
16.1.2.6;F. The existential verb rryp ‘stick to’;489
16.1.2.7;G. The existential verb it ‘lie’;490
16.1.2.8;H. The existential verb nyi ‘sit’;491
16.1.2.9;I. The existential verb hxit ‘stand’;492
16.1.2.10;J. The existential verb zzur ‘stick up’;492
16.1.2.11;K. The existential verb ke ‘nest’;493
16.1.2.12;L. The existential verb bbu ‘exist’;493
16.1.2.13;M. Motional verbs are not presentational;494
16.2;12.2 Resultative constructions;495
16.2.1;12.2.1 Agent-resultative construction;496
16.2.2;12.2.2 Patient-resultative construction;498
16.2.3;12.2.3 Nonargument-resultative constructions;500
17;13 Complex sentences;502
17.1;13.1 Coordinating constructions;502
17.1.1;13.1.1 Zero linking;502
17.1.2;13.1.2 Forward-linking conjunctions;504
17.1.2.1;A. Movable conjunctions;504
17.1.2.2;B. Immovable conjunctions;504
17.1.2.3;C. Clause-final conjunctions;505
17.1.3;13.1.3 Backward-linking conjunctions;508
17.1.3.1;A. Clause-initial conjunctions;508
17.1.3.2;B. Movable conjunctions;509
17.1.3.3;C. Clause-second conjunctions;510
17.1.3.4;D. Clause-final conjunctions;511
17.2;13.2 Subordinating constructions;512
17.2.1;13.2.1 Zero marking;512
17.2.2;13.2.2 With complementizers su and go;514
17.2.3;13.2.3 With complementizer su alone;520
17.2.4;13.2.4 With complementizer ddix;524
18;14 Topic and focus;526
18.1;14.1 Topic;526
18.1.1;14.1.1 The topic particles ne and li;526
18.1.2;14.1.2 The sentence topic particle su;530
18.1.3;14.1.3 The sentence topic particle go;531
18.2;14.2 Focus;532
18.2.1;14.2.1 The focus particle li;532
18.2.2;14.2.2 The sentence focus particle su;532
18.2.3;14.2.3 The pseudo-cleft construction with kax;533
19;15 Speech act particles;535
19.1;15.1 Interrogative;535
19.1.1;15.1.1 The particle ddap;535
19.1.2;15.1.2 The particle mix;536
19.2;15.2 Imperative;537
19.2.1;15.2.1 The particle mo;537
19.2.2;15.2.2 The particle map;539
19.2.3;15.2.3 The particle yip su;540
19.3;15.3 Expressive;540
19.3.1;15.3.1 The wish particle ddep lox;540
19.3.2;15.3.2 The fear particle mat;542
19.3.3;15.3.3 Regret particles;544
20;References;547
21;Appendix: Folk Stories;555
21.1;Why do men have their livestock stay close to home?;555
21.2;The dove and the cuckoo;560
21.3;Zhege'alu tames the thunder;564
22;Name Index;571
