Implications for health and disease
E-Book, Englisch, 236 Seiten, eBook
ISBN: 978-90-481-3435-9
Verlag: Springer Netherland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
This new book is uniquely focused on the signaling actions of extracellular purines in endothelial cells and the crucial role of extracellular purines in regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, cell permeability, wound healing, inflammation and cell-to-cell communication.
This book examines the responses of endothelial cells, originating from various tissues (such as cornea, pancreas and uterus), to extracellular nucleotides and adenosine under physiological and pathological conditions, i.e. pregnancy, hypoxia, hypertension, inflammation and diabetes.
In the book’s 12 chapters, the role of purinergic signaling in endothelium-dependent tissue perfusion, regulation of endothelial barrier function, and angiogenesis are discussed. The mechanisms of ATP release and its role in intercellular communication are also presented.
In addition, the book provides the most up to date mechanisms of extracellular nucleotide metabolism by purine-converting ecto-enzymes and their contribution to purinergic signaling in endothelial cells originating from various vascular beds.
This book is a valuable resource for biomedical research scientists, clinical scientists, graduate students and health science professionals interested in the mechanisms of extracellular purine function in endothelial cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Zielgruppe
Professional/practitioner
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
Purinergic and Pyriminergic Activation of the Endothelium in Regulation of Tissue Perfusion.- Nucleotides and Novel Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells: Possible Roles in Angiogenesis, Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus.- Extracellular Purines in Endothelial Cell Barrier Regulation.- The P2Y2 Nucleotide Receptor in Vascular Inflammation and Angiogenesis.- Role of Purine-Converting Ecto-Enzymes in Angiogenic Phenotype of Pulmonary Artery Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Endothelial Cells of Chronically Hypoxic Calves.- Stimulation of Wound Revascularization by Adenosine Receptor Activation.- Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Adenosine Signaling in Vascular Growth.- Regulated Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism and Function at the Mucosa.- Cell Surface ATP Synthase: A Potential Target for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy.- ATP Release Via Connexin Hemichannels Controls Intercellular Propagation of Ca2+ Waves in Corneal Endothelial Cells.- Pregnancy Induced Reprogramming of Endothelial Function in Response to ATP: Evidence for Post Receptor Ca2+ Signaling Plasticity.- Purinergic Signalling in Pancreatic Islet Endothelial Cells.
"Chapter 3 Extracellular Purines in Endothelial Cell Barrier Regulation (S. 39-40)
Nagavedi S. Umapathy, Evgeny A. Zemskov, Agnieszka Jezierska, Irina A. Kolosova, Rudolf Lucas, John D. Catravas, and Alexander D. Verin
Abstract The vascular endothelium is a semi-selective diffusion barrier that regulates a variety of functions including controlling of the passage of macromolecules and fluid between the blood and interstitial fluid. It is well known that loss of this barrier (permeability increase) results in tissue inflammation, the hall mark of inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury (ALI) and a severe form of it, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Apart from ventilation strategies, no standard treatment exists for ALI and ARDS, making the search for novel regulators of endothelial hyperpermeability and dysfunction important. Accumulating data suggest that extracellular purines are promising and physiologically relevant barrier-protective agents.
Purines decrease transendothelial permeability by interacting with cell surface P1 and P2Y purinoceptors belonging to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Selective activation of endothelial purinoreceptors responsible for barrier protection might form a basis for the treatment of various disorders. The therapeutic potential of purinoreceptors is rapidly expanding field in pharmacology and some selective agonists became recently available. In this review, we demonstrate the comprehensive overview of the purinoceptors expression in the endothelium, their interaction with G-proteins and activation of various signal transduction pathways, which lead to an endothelial barrier enhancement and protection.
Keywords Purinoceptor · Vascular endothelium · G-Protein · Permeability · ATP · Barrier enhancement · VE-cadherin · MLC-phosphatase · GPCR · P2Y · Purines · Adenosine · Protein kinase A · LPS
3.1 Introduction
The vascular endothelium is a semi-selective diffusion barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid and is critical for normal vessel wall homeostasis. Endothelial permeability is known to be regulated by the balance between centripetal and centrifugal intracellular forces, provided by the contractile machinery and the elements opposing contraction, respectively.
The latter include tethering complexes, responsible for cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts, and systems granting cell rigidity and preventing cell collapse, such as actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments [28]. Some naturally occurring substances such as sphingosine-1-phosphate [27] and the second messenger cAMP [39] are known to enhance the endothelial cells (EC) barrier. Recently, much attention has been given to the therapeutic potential of purinergic agonists and antagonists for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases [4, 14, 75, 97]."
