Fanet Medical Imaging Based on Magnetic Fields and Ultrasounds

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-118-76118-2
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 288 Seiten, E-Book

This book describes the different principles and equipment used in medical imaging. The importance of medical imaging for diagnostics is rapidly increasing. A good working knowledge of all the different possible physical principles involved in medical imaging is now imperative. This book covers many of these principles including matter photon interactions, the principles of detectors, detectors and information processing for radiology, X-ray tomography, positron tomography, single photon tomography and optical tomography.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fanet, Hervé

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword ix
Guy FRIJA
Chapter 1. Ultrasound Medical Imaging 1
Didier VRAY, Elisabeth BRUSSEAU, Valérie DETTI,François VARRAY, Adrian BASARAB, Olivier BEUF, Olivier BASSET,Christian CACHARD, Hervé LIEBGOTT, PhilippeDELACHARTRE
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Physical principles of echography 3
1.2.1. Ultrasound waves 3
1.2.2. Wavefronts 4
1.2.3. Stress/Strain relation 5
1.2.4. Propagation equation 6
1.2.5. Acoustic impedance 7
1.2.6. Acoustic intensity 7
1.2.7. Mechanical Index 9
1.2.8. Generation, emission 9
1.2.9. Resolution 10
1.2.10. Propagation of a plane wave in a finite isotropic medium11
1.2.11. Propagation of a plane wave in a non-homogeneous medium13
1.2.12. Speckle 15
1.2.13. Nonlinear waves 16
1.2.14. Contrast agents 17
1.3. Medical ultrasound systems 18
1.3.1. Principle 18
1.3.2. The different stages in image formation 19
1.3.3. Ultrasound imaging probe 21
1.3.4. Modes of imaging, B-mode and M-mode, and harmonic imagingmodes 24
1.3.5. Doppler imaging 27
1.4. The US image 34
1.4.1. Properties of speckle, echostructure and statisticallaws 34
1.4.2. Segmentation of US images 38
1.4.3. Simulation of US images 41
1.5. Recent advances in ultrasound imaging 44
1.5.1. Generation/emission of ultrasounds 44
1.5.2. Signal- and image processing 49
1.5.3. Multimodal imaging 60
1.6. A bright future for ultrasound imaging 65
1.7. Bibliography 65
Chapter 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 73
Dominique SAPPEY-MARINIER and André BRIGUET
2.1. Introduction 73
2.2. Fundamental elements for MRI 76
2.2.1. Introduction 76
2.2.2. Vectorial description of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)78
2.2.3. RF pulses and their effect on magnetizations 88
2.2.4. Elementary pulse sequences using the refocusingtechnique 97
2.2.5. Spatial discrimination of signals using gradients:fundamental principle of MRI 106
2.2.6. Multi-parameter aspect of MRI 110
2.3. Instrumentation 115
2.3.1. Introduction 115
2.3.2. Recording the signal 117
2.3.3. Magnetic systems 129
2.3.4. A typical MRI installation in a clinical environment136
2.3.5. Operation and safety 139
2.4. Image properties 144
2.4.1. Introduction 144
2.4.2. Field of view 144
2.4.3. Spatial resolution 148
2.4.4. Contrast and signal 155
2.4.5. Contrast elements in MRI practice 162
2.5. Imaging sequences and modes of reconstruction 168
2.5.1. Introduction 168
2.5.2. Overall view of acquisition sequences 168
2.5.3. Modes of reconstruction 195
2.6. Application of MRI: uses and evolution in the biomedicalfield 208
2.6.1. Introduction 208
2.6.2. Spectroscopy and imaging: technical and clinicalcomplementarity 210
2.6.3. Diffusion MRI: a morphological and functionalapproach 217
2.6.4. Functional MRI (fMRI) of cerebral activation 236
2.6.5. Bi-modal approach to MRI: the example ofMR/PET 239
2.7. Bibliography 244
List of Authors 263
Index 265