Duzgunes Liposomes, Part G

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-12-381380-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 448 Seiten

Liposomes are cellular structures made up of lipid molecules, which are water insoluble organic molecules and the basis of biological membranes. Important as a cellular model in the study of basic biology, liposomes are also used in clinical applications such as drug delivery and virus studies. Liposomes Part F is a continuation of previous MIE Liposome volumes A through E.
* One of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry since 1955 * Frequently consulted and praised by researchers and reviewers alike * Truly an essential publication for anyone in any field of the life sciences

Autoren/Hrsg.

Duzgunes, Nejat

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Methods in Enzymology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;14
6;Preface;20
7;Methods in Enzymology;22
8;Section 1: Advances in Liposome Formation and Characterization;50
8.1;Chapter 1: Spontaneously Formed Unilamellar Vesicles;52
8.1.1;1. Introduction;53
8.1.2;2. Preparation of Spontaneously Forming ULVs;54
8.1.3;3. Characterization of ULVs;55
8.1.4;4. ULV Stability;56
8.1.5;5. Parameters Affecting ULVs;57
8.1.6;6. Mechanism of ULV Formation;61
8.1.7;7. Encapsulation and Controlled Release Mechanism of Spontaneously Formed ULVs;62
8.1.8;8. Application;65
8.1.9;9. Concluding Remarks;65
8.1.10;Acknowledgment;66
8.1.11;References;66
8.2;Chapter 2: Use of Acoustic Sensors to Probe the Mechanical Properties of Liposomes;70
8.2.1;1. Introduction;71
8.2.2;2. Acoustic Measurements;74
8.2.3;3. Experimental Procedures;78
8.2.4;4. Change in DeltaPh and DeltaA for Adsorbed Vesicles as a Function of Cholesterol Content;83
8.2.5;5. Comparison of the Results to Various Model Systems;85
8.2.6;6. Can the Response Be Explained in Terms of Variable Slip at the Surface?;87
8.2.7;7. Displacements Associated with the Liposomes;87
8.2.8;8. Concluding Remarks;88
8.2.9;Acknowledgments;88
8.2.10;References;88
8.3;Chapter 3: Liposome Characterization by Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy;92
8.3.1;1. Introduction;93
8.3.2;2. Liposomes Assessed by AFM;95
8.3.3;3. QCM Measurements of Intact Liposomes;106
8.3.4;4. Surface-Bound Liposomes in Perspective and General Conclusions;114
8.3.5;References;116
8.4;Chapter 4: Mixing Solutions in Inkjet Formed Vesicles;124
8.4.1;1. Introduction;125
8.4.2;2. Unilamellar Vesicle Formation by Microfluidic Encapsulation;128
8.4.3;3. Determination of Encapsulation Fraction within Vesicles;131
8.4.4;4. Concluding Remarks;141
8.4.5;References;142
8.5;Chapter 5: Recombinant Proteoliposomes Prepared Using Baculovirus Expression Systems;144
8.5.1;1. Introduction;145
8.5.2;2. Principles of Recombinant Proteoliposome Preparation;145
8.5.3;3. Construction of Recombinant AcNPVs;147
8.5.4;4. Expression of Recombinant Proteins on BV Envelopes;148
8.5.5;5. Preparation of Proteoliposomes by Fusion of BVs with Liposomes;150
8.5.6;6. Concluding Remarks;156
8.5.7;References;157
8.6;Chapter 6: Block Liposomes: Vesicles of Charged Lipids with Distinctly Shaped Nanoscale Sphere-, Pear-, Tube-, or Rod-Segments;160
8.6.1;1. Introduction;161
8.6.2;2. Liposome Preparation;164
8.6.3;3. Microscopy;164
8.6.4;4. Design and Synthesis of MVLBG2;165
8.6.5;5. Phase Behavior of MVLBG2/DOPC Lipid Mixtures;167
8.6.6;6. Concluding Remarks;175
8.6.7;Acknowledgments;175
8.6.8;References;176
8.7;Chapter 7: Microfluidic Methods for Production of Liposomes;178
8.7.1;1. Introduction;179
8.7.2;2. Conventional Technologies for Production of Liposomes;180
8.7.3;3. Microfluidic Technologies for Synthesis of Nanoparticles;181
8.7.4;4. Microfluidic Technologies for Production of Liposomes;182
8.7.5;5. Concluding Remarks;187
8.7.6;Acknowledgments;188
8.7.7;References;188
8.8;Chapter 8: Constructing Size Distributions of Liposomes from Single-Object Fluorescence Measurements;192
8.8.1;1. Introduction;193
8.8.2;2. How Particle Size can be Obtained from Intensity Distributions;196
8.8.3;3. Vesicle Preparation and Immobilization;196
8.8.4;4. Image Acquisition;198
8.8.5;5. Image Processing;200
8.8.6;6. Intensity and Size Distributions;204
8.8.7;7. Multilamellarity Assay;204
8.8.8;8. Measuring Membrane-Curvature Selective Protein Binding;207
8.8.9;9. Concluding Remarks;207
8.8.10;References;208
8.9;Chapter 9: Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: From Lipid Mixtures to Native Membranes Under Physiological Conditions;210
8.9.1;1. Introduction;211
8.9.2;2. General GUV Electroformation Protocol;213
8.9.3;3. Methods for GUV Electroformation from Lipid Mixtures, Liposomes, and Native Membranes;216
8.9.4;4. Concluding Remarks;222
8.9.5;References;223
9;Section 2: Liposomes in Therapeutics;226
9.1;Chapter 10: Liposomal Boron Delivery for Neutron Capture Therapy;228
9.1.1;1. Introduction;229
9.1.2;2. Boron-Encapsulation Approach;232
9.1.3;3. Boron Lipid-Liposome Approach;235
9.1.4;4. nido-Carborane Lipid Liposomes;236
9.1.5;5. Transferrin-Conjugated nido-Carborane Lipid Liposomes;238
9.1.6;6. closo-Dodecaborate Lipid Liposomes;242
9.1.7;7. Concluding Remarks;252
9.1.8;References;252
9.2;Chapter 11: Production of Recombinant Proteoliposomes for Therapeutic Uses;258
9.2.1;1. Introduction;259
9.2.2;2. Expression of Bak Protein Using a Bacterial Cell-Free Expression System;262
9.2.3;3. Scale-Up Production of Bak Proteoliposomes;264
9.2.4;4. Bak Proteoliposome Production;265
9.2.5;5. Liposome Preparation;265
9.2.6;6. Proteoliposome Purification;266
9.2.7;7. Analysis of the Purified Bak Proteoliposomes;266
9.2.8;8. Transmission Electron Microscopy;267
9.2.9;9. Apoptosis Induction in Cancer Cell Lines: Caspase 9 Activation;269
9.2.10;10. Concluding Remarks;270
9.2.11;Acknowledgments;271
9.2.12;References;271
9.3;Chapter 12: Liposome-Mediated Therapy of Neuroblastoma;274
9.3.1;1. Introduction;275
9.3.2;2. Materials;276
9.3.3;3. Untargeted Liposomes Entrapping Doxorubicin;276
9.3.4;4. Tumor-Targeted Liposomal Chemotherapy;277
9.3.5;5. Vascular-Targeted Liposomal Chemotherapy;281
9.3.6;6. Liposomes Entrapping Fenretinide (HPR);285
9.3.7;7. Antisense Oligonucleotide-Entrapped Liposomes;286
9.3.8;8. Gold-Containing Liposomes;290
9.3.9;Acknowledgments;292
9.3.10;References;292
9.4;Chapter 13: Tumor-Specific Liposomal Drug Release Mediated by Liposomase;300
9.4.1;1. Introduction;301
9.4.2;2. Tumor Models;303
9.4.3;3. Generation of C. novyi Spores and C. novyi-NT;304
9.4.4;4. Preparation of Liposomal Formulations;305
9.4.5;5. Combination Therapy with C. novyi-NT Spores and Liposomes;308
9.4.6;6. Purification and Identification of Liposomase;308
9.4.7;7. Conclusion and Future Perspectives;312
9.4.8;References;312
9.5;Chapter 14: Targeted Lipoplexes for siRNA Delivery;316
9.5.1;1. Introduction;317
9.5.2;2. Liposome and Complex Preparation;319
9.5.3;3. Physicochemical Characterization of the Complexes;320
9.5.4;4. Assessment of siRNA Protection;322
9.5.5;5. Assessment of Lipoplex Internalization and Biological Activity In Vitro;325
9.5.6;6. Cell Viability Studies;332
9.5.7;7. Concluding Remarks;334
9.5.8;References;335
9.6;Chapter 15: Mucosal Delivery of Liposome-Chitosan Nanoparticle Complexes;338
9.6.1;1. Introduction;339
9.6.2;2. Preparation of Liposome-Chitosan Nanoparticle (L/CS-NP) Complexes;341
9.6.3;3. Characterization of L/CS-NP Complexes;347
9.6.4;4. Results;353
9.6.5;5. Conclusions and Prospects;358
9.6.6;Acknowledgment;359
9.6.7;References;359
9.7;Chapter 16: Antiangiogenic Photodynamic Therapy with Targeted Liposomes;362
9.7.1;1. Introduction;363
9.7.2;2. PDT with PEG-Coated Liposomal BPD-MA;365
9.7.3;3. PDT with Polycation-Coated Liposomal BPD-MA;367
9.7.4;4. PDT with Tumor Angiogenic Vessel-Targeted Liposomal BPD-MA;373
9.7.5;5. Usefulness of Antiangiogenic PDT with Neovessel-Targeted Liposomes;376
9.7.6;6. Concluding Remarks;378
9.7.7;References;378
9.8;Chapter 17: Controlling the In Vivo Activity of Wnt Liposomes;380
9.8.1;1. Introduction;381
9.8.2;2. Materials, Methods, and Results;383
9.8.3;3. Concluding Remarks;392
9.8.4;References;394
9.9;Chapter 18: Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Liposomes to Primate Brain;398
9.9.1;1. Introduction;399
9.9.2;2. Liposome Preparation;400
9.9.3;3. Quantification of Liposome-Entrapped Gadoteridol by Magnetic Resonance Imaging;401
9.9.4;4. Experimental Subjects;402
9.9.5;5. Infusion Catheter Design and Infusion Procedure;402
9.9.6;6. Distribution of Liposomes Within Anatomic Structures of the Primate Brain;406
9.9.7;7. Volumetric Calculations of Liposomal Distribution in Primate CNS;408
9.9.8;8. Future and Outlook of CED to Brain;408
9.9.9;Acknowledgment;409
9.9.10;References;409
9.10;Chapter 19: Hemoglobin-Vesicles as an Artificial Oxygen Carrier;412
9.10.1;1. Introduction: Encapsulated Hemoglobin as an Artificial Oxygen Carrier;413
9.10.2;2. Encapsulation of Concentrated Hb in Liposomes;415
9.10.3;3. Source of Hb and Its Purification;417
9.10.4;4. Regulation of Oxygen Affinity;420
9.10.5;5. Structural Stabilization of Liposome-Encapsulated Hb;421
9.10.6;6. Blood Compatibility of LEH and HbV;423
9.10.7;7. Regulation of Osmotic Pressure and Suspension Rheology to Mimic and Overwhelm the Function of Blood;424
9.10.8;8. Concluding Remarks;426
9.10.9;References;427
10;Author Index;434
11;Subject Index;442
12;Color Plates;450