Cresser Solvent Extraction in Flame Spectroscopic Analysis

Butterworths Monographs in Chemistry
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6114-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 210 Seiten, Web PDF

Solvent Extraction in Flame Spectroscopic Analysis provides an introductory discussion on the technique of solvent extraction in flame spectrometry. The book is comprised of six chapters the cover the various aspects and applications of solvent extraction. The text first covers the role of solvent extraction in flame spectrometric analysis, and then proceeds to describing the solvent suitable for flame spectrometry. Next, the book discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the solvent extraction technique. The text also covers the application of the technique on various elements. The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals who require a good understanding of the various techniques in spectrometry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cresser, Malcolm S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Solvent extraction in flame spectroscopic analysis;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Preface;6
5;Acknowledgements;7
6;Table of Contents;8
7;Chapter 1. The role of solvent extraction in flame spectrometric analysis;12
7.1;FLAME EMISSION SPECTROMETRY;12
7.2;ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY;15
7.3;ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY;18
7.4;OTHER USES OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN FLAME SPECTROMETRY;20
7.5;EXISTING APPLICATIONS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN FLAME SPECTROMETRY;23
7.6;REFERENCES;25
8;Chapter 2. Solvents suitable for flame spectrometry;27
8.1;NEBULIZATION RATE;27
8.2;NEBULIZATION EFFICIENCY;28
8.3;SOLVENT COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS;31
8.4;SOLVENT TOXICITY AND HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS;37
8.5;SALTING OUT;39
8.6;HIGH EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY;39
8.7;SOLVENT AVAILABILITY AND PURITY;40
8.8;THE FINAL CHOICE;40
8.9;SOLVENTS FOR USE WITH ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZERS;40
8.10;FLAME-HEATED CUPS AND BOATS;41
8.11;SOLVENT EXTRACT ANTS AS LIQUID FUELS;42
8.12;SOME COMMENTS ON SOLVENT NOMENCLATURE;42
8.13;KETONES;43
8.14;ESTERS;43
8.15;ALCOHOLS;45
8.16;ETHERS;45
8.17;ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS;46
8.18;AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;46
8.19;NITRO-COMPOUNDS;47
8.20;CHLORINATED SOLVENTS;47
8.21;OTHER SOLVENTS;49
8.22;CONCLUSIONS;49
8.23;REFERENCES;49
9;Chapter 3. Some theoretical aspects;54
9.1;PARTITION COEFFICIENT;54
9.2;DISTRIBUTION RATIO;55
9.3;PERCENTAGE EXTRACTION;55
9.4;EXTRACTION SYSTEMS;58
9.5;EFFECT OF pH ON CHELATE EXTRACTION SYSTEMS;62
9.6;METAL CHELATES AS EXTRACTANTS;64
9.7;OBSERVATIONS ON POSSIBLE INTERFERENCE MECHANISMS;65
9.8;KINETIC ASPECTS;67
9.9;IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE;67
9.10;FLAME SPECTROMETRY IN THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRACTION SYSTEMS;68
9.11;REFERENCES;69
10;Chapter 4. Some practical aspects;72
10.1;APPARATUS REQUIREMENTS;72
10.2;NEED FOR RIGID pH CONTROL;77
10.3;FACTORS GOVERNING CHOICE OF EXTRACTION RATIO;79
10.4;SALTING OUT;81
10.5;SAMPLE HANDLING AND PREPARATION;82
10.6;CONTAMINATION;82
10.7;LOSSES OF TRACE ELEMENTS;84
10.8;SOME SIDE-EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION;86
10.9;OPTIMIZATION OF FLAME CONDITIONS;89
10.10;HANDLING AND STORAGE OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS;91
10.11;PREPARATION OF STANDARDS AND BLANKS;92
10.12;STABILITY OF REAGENTS AND STANDARDS;94
10.13;DRYING AND CENTRIFUGATION OF EXTRACTS;94
10.14;METHODS OF IMPROVING SELECTIVITY;94
10.15;CHECKING RECOVERY;95
10.16;METHODS FOR STUDYING SOLVENT ENHANCEMENT EFFECTS;97
10.17;REFERENCES;98
11;Chapter 5. Applications;102
11.1;ALUMINIUM;102
11.2;ANTIMONY;104
11.3;ARSENIC;106
11.4;BARIUM;108
11.5;BERYLLIUM;108
11.6;BISMUTH;109
11.7;BORON;111
11.8;BROMINE;112
11.9;CADMIUM;112
11.10;CAESIUM;114
11.11;CALCIUM;114
11.12;CERIUM;115
11.13;CHLORINE;115
11.14;CHROMIUM;116
11.15;COBALT;118
11.16;COPPER;120
11.17;FLUORINE;123
11.18;GALLIUM;123
11.19;GERMANIUM;124
11.20;GOLD;125
11.21;HAFNIUM;127
11.22;INDIUM;127
11.23;IODINE;128
11.24;IRIDIUM;129
11.25;IRON;129
11.26;LEAD;132
11.27;LITHIUM;135
11.28;MAGNESIUM;135
11.29;MANGANESE;136
11.30;MERCURY;138
11.31;MOLYBDENUM;139
11.32;NICKEL;141
11.33;NIOBIUM;142
11.34;OSMIUM;143
11.35;PALLADIUM;144
11.36;PHOSPHORUS;145
11.37;PLATINUM;145
11.38;RARE EARTHS;146
11.39;RHENIUM;147
11.40;RHODIUM;147
11.41;RUTHENIUM;148
11.42;SCANDIUM;148
11.43;SELENIUM;149
11.44;SILICON;150
11.45;SILVER;150
11.46;STRONTIUM;152
11.47;TANTALUM;152
11.48;TELLURIUM;153
11.49;THALLIUM;154
11.50;THORIUM;155
11.51;TIN;156
11.52;TITANIUM;157
11.53;TUNGSTEN;158
11.54;URANIUM;159
11.55;VANADIUM;159
11.56;YTTRIUM;161
11.57;ZINC;161
11.58;ZIRCONIUM;163
11.59;REFERENCES;163
12;Chapter 6. Scope for future applications and developments;203
12.1;SPECIAL FACILITIES;203
12.2;PULSE NEBULIZATION;203
12.3;SAFETY ASPECTS;204
12.4;ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES;204
12.5;THE NEED FOR A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH;205
12.6;A CAUTIONARY NOTE;205
13;Index;206