Cooke / Buckley Avian Genetics

A Population and Ecological Approach
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7568-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 506 Seiten, Web PDF

Avian Genetics: A Population and Ecological Approach is a collection of papers that deals with the study of birds in relation to the synthetic theory of evolution. This book studies the ecology, demography, behavior, and geographical distribution of birds; the text also discusses quantitative, chromosomal, biochemical, and population genetics. Part I reviews the various genetic interactions, including an analysis of DNA sequence variation. The different and newer techniques are compared such as the works of Sibley, Quinn, and White. Part II describes the molding genetic variation and covers topics such as inbreeding; gene flow and the genetic structure of populations; non-random mating; and the process of selection in natural populations of birds. Part III covers actual genetic case histories, including quantitative ecological genetics of great tits; genetic evolution of house sparrows; and presentation of evidence for sexual selection by female choice in the Arctic Skua. This book also presents future research in subjects such as the neutrality-selection controversy or genetics and conservation. This text can be beneficial for ecologists, ornithologists, animal conservationists, and population biologists studying birds.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cooke, F.

Buckley, P. A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Avian Genetics: A Population and Ecological Approach;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Dedication;7
6;Contributors;6
7;Foreword;8
8;Preface;10
9;Introduction;14
10;Part I: Assaying Genetic Variation;18
10.1;Chapter 1. Mendelian Genes;20
10.1.1;1 Introduction;20
10.1.2;2 Principles and processes;22
10.1.3;3 Inheritance patterns in wild birds;37
10.1.4;4 Performing Mendelian genetic analyses;50
10.1.5;References;58
10.2;Chapter 2. Quantitative Genetics;64
10.2.1;1 Introduction;64
10.2.2;2 Quantitative genetics: an empirical approach to inheritance ;65
10.2.3;3 The data available from natural populations of birds ;76
10.2.4;4 Problems and prospects;85
10.2.5;5 Conclusions;92
10.2.6;References;93
10.3;Chapter 3. Chromosomal Variation;98
10.3.1;1 Introduction;99
10.3.2;2 Cytogenetics;99
10.3.3;3 Karyotypes;100
10.3.4;4 Intraspecific chromosome variants;105
10.3.5;5 Meiotic studies;111
10.3.6;6 Sex chromosomes;113
10.3.7;7 Karyology of closely related species;116
10.3.8;8 Chromosome change and population structure;118
10.3.9;9 Summary;119
10.3.10;References;120
10.4;Chapter 4. Electrophoretic Variability of Gene Products;124
10.4.1;1 Introduction;125
10.4.2;2 Analysis of allozyme data;126
10.4.3;3 Patterns of genetic variation;150
10.4.4;APPENDIX: Techniques for the collection of allozyme data ;163
10.4.5;References;174
10.5;Chapter 5. Analysis of DNA Sequence Variation;182
10.5.1;1 Introduction;182
10.5.2;2 Nuclear DNA;184
10.5.3;3 Mitochondrial DNA;198
10.5.4;References;213
10.6;Synthesis I—Assaying Genetic Variation;218
10.6.1;REFERENCES;223
11;Part II: Moulding Genetic Variation;224
11.1;Chapter 6. Inbreeding, Philopatry and Optimal Outbreeding in Birds;226
11.1.1;1 Introduction;226
11.1.2;2 Avian patterns of dispersal;227
11.1.3;3 Conceptual models of the evolution of philopatry;228
11.1.4;4 Measuring inbreeding;230
11.1.5;5 The effects of inbreeding;233
11.1.6;6 Inbreeding and dispersal;235
11.1.7;7 Optimal outbreeding;236
11.1.8;8 Summary and conclusions;238
11.1.9;References;239
11.2;Chapter 7. Gene Flow and the Genetic Structure of Populations;242
11.2.1;1 Introduction;242
11.2.2;2 Basic mathematics and assumptions;244
11.2.3;3 Evolutionary importance;247
11.2.4;4 Estimation of gene flow and genetic population structures ;251
11.2.5;5 Summary;270
11.2.6;Acknowledgments;271
11.2.7;References;271
11.3;Chapter 8. Selection in Natural Populations of Birds;276
11.3.1;1 Introduction;276
11.3.2;2 Detecting selection;278
11.3.3;3 Observing selection;279
11.3.4;4 Describing and comparing selection;281
11.3.5;5 Selection on wild populations of Darwin's finches;298
11.3.6;6 Summary and conclusions;302
11.3.7;Acknowledgments;303
11.3.8;References;303
11.4;Chapter 9. Non-random Mating: A Theoretical and Empirical Overview with Special Reference to Birds;308
11.4.1;1 Introduction;309
11.4.2;2 Non-random mating;309
11.4.3;3 An analytical classification of non-random mating systems;312
11.4.4;4 Non-random mating and the genetic structure of populations: the single-locus modelling approach;315
11.4.5;5 Non-random mating and the existence of mating preferences;321
11.4.6;6 Assortative mating and polygenic variation;325
11.4.7;7 Examples of non-random mating in wild birds;326
11.4.8;8 Non-random mating and sympatric speciation;328
11.4.9;9 Mixed assortment in Snow Geese: preference and prevalence ;330
11.4.10;10 Summary and conclusions;332
11.4.11;Acknowledgments;333
11.4.12;References;333
11.5;Chapter 10. Geographic Variation and Speciation;340
11.5.1;1 Introduction;340
11.5.2;2 Estimation of genetic variation in natural populations;341
11.5.3;3 Clinal variation in natural populations;356
11.5.4;4 Genetic structure as a measure of geographic variation;361
11.5.5;5 Speciation;363
11.5.6;6 Summary and conclusions;369
11.5.7;Acknowledgements;370
11.5.8;References;370
11.6;Synthesis II—Moulding Genetic Variation;374
12;Part III: Genetic Case Histories;380
12.1;Chapter 11. Quantitative Ecological Genetics of Great Tits;382
12.1.1;1 Introduction;382
12.1.2;2 Successful demonstration of genetic variation;384
12.1.3;3 Unsuccessful demonstration of genetic variation;392
12.1.4;4 Detection of inbreeding;394
12.1.5;5 Prospects for future research;396
12.1.6;6 Conclusions;397
12.1.7;References;397
12.2;Chapter 12. Evolutionary Genetics of House Sparrows;400
12.2.1;1 Introduction;400
12.2.2;2 Selection by extremes of climate;403
12.2.3;3 Differentiation between populations;407
12.2.4;4 Biochemical polymorphisms;410
12.2.5;5 Discussion and conclusions;417
12.2.6;Acknowledgments;420
12.2.7;References;421
12.3;Chapter 13. Lesser Snow Goose: A Long-term Population Study;426
12.3.1;1 Introduction;426
12.3.2;2 Methods of data collection;428
12.3.3;3 Types of genetic variability;429
12.3.4;4 Factors affecting the distribution of genes for plumage colour;436
12.3.5;5 Discussion;444
12.3.6;6 Summary;448
12.3.7;References;449
12.4;Chapter 14. Polymorphism and Sexual Selection in the Arctic Skua;452
12.4.1;1 Introduction;452
12.4.2;2 The genetics of Arctic Skua phenotypes;453
12.4.3;3 Models for maintaining polymorphisms;453
12.4.4;4 Maintenance of the Arctic Skua polymorphism;454
12.4.5;5 Sexual selection of Arctic Skua phenotypes;455
12.4.6;6 Preferential mating;458
12.4.7;7 Assortative mating;462
12.4.8;8 Sexual selection and male experience;466
12.4.9;9 Conclusions;467
12.4.10;References;468
12.5;Chapter 15. Epilogue and Prologue: Past and Future Research in Avian Genetics;472
12.5.1;1 Introduction;472
12.5.2;2 The neutrality-selection controversy;474
12.5.3;3 Interpretation of allozyme analyses;476
12.5.4;4 Phylogenies, statistical constraints and molecular clocks;478
12.5.5;5 Gene flow;481
12.5.6;6 Life history variation;483
12.5.7;7 Polymorphisms and their maintenance;484
12.5.8;8 The genetics of speciation;485
12.5.9;9 Genetics and conservation;487
12.5.10;10 A last word;488
12.5.11;Acknowledgments;489
12.5.12;References;489
13;Index;496