Coniglione Through the Mirrors of Science

New Challenges for Knowledge-based Societies
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-3-11-031963-7
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 311 Seiten

Is the objective that the European Union set itself in 2000, that is, to be «the most competitive knowledge-based society and economy» by 2010 still realistic? The momentous year has arrived, but it is discouraging to note that very few steps have been made in the direction that was fixed. What has gone wrong? Were the philosophical, epistemological and economic conditions adequate to achieve the desired result? This book – the result of a research project commissioned by the European Commission – critically investigates the society of knowledge and the way in which the European Union has proceeded towards it, examining first of all the premises and the contributions that the disciplines of Science and Technological Studies can provide. In this way, we have proposed innovative theoretical and epistemological bases for a multidisciplinary approach – making use of the Modelling Approach to Science – and therefore insisting on the function that human sciences can have for a society of knowledge that hinges not so much on an industrialist scenario, but a humanist one that eschews hyper-specialization and instead privileges creativity, flexibility, imagination and innovation economy.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Coniglione, Francesco

Fachgebiete

• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft | Kulturwissenschaften Wissenschaftliche und kulturelle Zusammenarbeit
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Wissenssoziologie, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Techniksoziologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Politikwissenschaft Regierungspolitik Kultur-, Wissenschafts- & Technologiepolitik
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Allgemeines Wissenschaftspolitik, Wissenschaftsförderung

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;11
2;Section one;13
2.1;0 Introduction: From the Age of “Posts” to the Knowledge Society;15
2.1.1;0.1 – Beyond the age of “Posts”;15
2.1.2;0.2 – Post-industrial and post-modern;17
2.1.3;0.3 – The knowledge economy and the knowledge society;21
2.1.3.1;0.3.1 – Vannevar Bush and the consequences of his approach;25
2.1.3.2;0.3.2 – A new metamorphosis of “capital”;28
2.1.4;0.4 – The “knowledge” of the society of knowledge;30
2.2;1 In the Beginning there was Lisbon;35
2.2.1;1.1. Old Europe needs to wake up;35
2.2.1.1;1.1.1 – The roots of the “Lisbon Strategy”;35
2.2.1.2;1.1.2 – The reasoning behind the worries;37
2.2.2;1.2 – The development of the Lisbon Strategy;39
2.2.2.1;1.2.1 – The close union of economics and research;40
2.2.2.2;1.2.2 – Human capital – beyond the economy;43
2.2.2.3;1.2.3 – The economic requirements for innovation;46
2.2.3;1.3 – Beyond GDP: the environmental turn;51
2.2.3.1;1.3.1 – The unheroic history of GDP;52
2.2.3.2;1.3.2 – Europa towards sustainable development;56
2.2.4;1.4 – Keep on trying once again, old Europe!;60
2.3;2 Society, Democracy and Trust in Science;65
2.3.1;2.1 – Science, democracy and society in the history of modern culture;65
2.3.2;2.2 – Public opinion and science;71
2.3.3;2.3 – Divulgation and communication of science;79
2.3.3.1;2.3.1 – The many facets of a relationship;80
2.3.3.2;2.3.2 – The “construction“ of the public;82
2.3.3.3;2.3.3 – The “construction” of the object;87
2.3.4;2.4 – The interaction between the public and science;89
2.3.4.1;2.4.1 – “Hybrid forums”;89
2.3.4.2;2.4.2 – “Civic epistemologies”;91
2.3.5;2.5 – The value of democracy in science;93
3;Section two;97
3.1;3 Historical, Philosophical and Sociological Models of the Interaction between Science and Society;99
3.1.1;3.1 – The twentieth-century philosophical Received-View of science;99
3.1.2;3.2 – Philosophy and sociology of science I: a division of labour;105
3.1.3;3.3 – Philosophy and sociology of science II: the historicist turn;108
3.1.4;3.4 – Post-Mertonian sociology of science;111
3.1.5;3.5 – The emergence of “Science and Technological Studies”;116
3.1.6;3.6 – STS and science policy;119
3.2;4 From the Descriptive to the Normative: a Multidisciplinary Approach for Descriptively-Informed Science Policy;133
3.2.1;4.1 – Multidisciplinary versus interdisciplinary integration of STS’s methodological variation;133
3.2.2;4.2 – Modelling techno-science complexity for science policy;138
3.2.3;4.3 – Beyond theory and observation: the Modeling Approach to Science (MAS);142
3.2.4;4.4 – Towards a descriptively-informed science policy;149
3.2.5;4.5 – Further articulating MAS;151
3.2.5.1;4.5.1 – Levels of analysis of theory-formation;154
3.2.5.2;4.5.2 – MAS and “methodological tolerance”;160
3.2.6;4.6 – From descriptive to normative STS: heuristic appraisal;165
3.3;5 Implementing New Strategies: Towards the Recommendations;169
3.3.1;5.1 – Frontier research: beyond economic growth;169
3.3.1.1;5.1.1 – The linear model of techno-scientific innovation and economic growth;170
3.3.1.2;5.1.2 – Alternative models of techno-scientific innovation and how they fail to meet general society needs;174
3.3.2;5.2 – Tacit knowledge and expertise;182
3.3.2.1;5.2.1 – The representation of tacit knowledge;183
3.3.2.2;5.2.2 – The possible explications of tacit knowledge;186
3.3.2.3;5.2.3 – Society, tacit knowledge and knowledge-based view;189
3.3.2.4;5.2.4 – Models of expertise;192
3.3.2.5;5.2.5 – Expertise, tacit knowledge, complexity of knowledge;197
3.3.3;5.3 – The importance of creativity;201
3.3.3.1;5.3.1 – Creativity and the creative person;201
3.3.3.2;5.3.2 – Family and school;208
3.3.3.3;5.3.3 – Companies;212
3.3.3.4;5.3.4 – Widespread creativity;218
3.3.4;5.4 – The role of the university in the society of knowledge;221
3.3.4.1;5.4.1 – University potential and problems;222
3.3.4.2;5.4.2 – The European Paradox;225
3.3.4.3;5.4.3 – The contradictions of research;229
3.3.4.4;5.4.4 – A diverse view of contemporary research;231
3.3.4.5;5.4.5 – A comparison with the Humboldt model;234
3.3.4.6;5.4.6 – What is the mission of today’s universities?;237
3.3.5;5.5 – Not only specialisation: towards a more integrated vision of culture;239
3.3.5.1;5.5.1 – A more comphensive vision of knowledge;240
3.3.5.2;5.5.2 – Overcoming hyper-specialization;242
3.3.5.3;5.5.3 – Towards superseding old dualisms;245
3.3.6;5.6 – Towards an industrial or a humanistic scenario?;249
4;Conclusion: The Recommendations to the European Commission;257
5;REFERENCES;271
6;ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS;312