Pressure Relieving Devices and Emergency Relief System Design, Process Safety and Energy Management, Product Blending, Cost Estimation and Economic Evaluation, Sustainability in Petroleum Refining
Buch, Englisch, 976 Seiten, Format (B × H): 218 mm x 279 mm, Gewicht: 2472 g
ISBN: 978-1-394-20698-8
Verlag: Wiley
With no new refineries having been built in decades, companies continue to build onto or reverse engineer and re-tool existing refineries. With so many changes in the last few years alone, books like this are very much in need. There is truly a renaissance for chemical and process engineering going on right now across multiple industries.
This fifth and final volume in the “Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook” set, this book continues the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student.
Besides the list below, this groundbreaking new volume describes blending of products from the refinery, applying the ternary diagrams and classifications of crude oils, flash point blending, pour point blending, aniline point blending, smoke point and viscosity blending, cetane and diesel indices. The volume further reviews refinery operational cost, cost allocation of actual usage, project and economic evaluation involving cost estimation, cash flow involving return on investment, net present values, discounted cash flow rate of return, net present values, payback period, inflation and sensitivity analysis, and so on. It reviews global effects on the refining economy, carbon tax, carbon foot print, global warming potential, carbon dioxide equivalent, carbon credit, carbon offset, carbon price, and so on. It reviews sustainability in petroleum refining and alternative fuels (biofuels and so on), impact of the overall greenhouse effects, carbon capture and storage in refineries, process intensification in biodiesel, biofuel from green diesel, acid-gas removal and emerging technologies, carbon capture and storage, gas heated reformer unit, pressure swing adsorption process, steam methane reforming for fuel cells, grey, blue and green hydrogen production, new technologies for carbon capture and storage, carbon clean process design, refinery of the future, refining and petrochemical industry characteristics. The text is packed with Excel spreadsheet calculations and Honeywell UniSim Design software in some examples, and it includes an invaluable glossary of petroleum and petrochemical technical terminologies.
Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world’s foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Verfahrenstechnik, Chemieingenieurwesen
- Technische Wissenschaften Energietechnik | Elektrotechnik Technologien für Fossile Energieträger
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface xxiv
Acknowledgments xxvii
23 Pressure Relieving Devices and Emergency Relief System Design 1
23.0 Introduction 1
23.1 Types of Positive Pressure Relieving Devices (See Manufacturers’ Catalogs for Design Details) 2
23.2 Types of Valves/Relief Devices 6
Conventional Safety Relief Valve 6
Balanced Safety Relief Valve 7
Special Valves 7
Rupture Disk 7
Example 23.1 15
23.3 Materials of Construction 18
Safety and Relief Valves: Pressure-Vacuum Relief Values 18
Rupture Disks 19
23.4 General Code Requirements [1] 20
23.5 Relief Mechanisms 20
Reclosing Devices, Spring Loaded 20
Non-Reclosing Pressure Relieving Devices 21
23.6 Pressure Settings and Design Basis 21
23.7 Unfired Pressure Vessels Only, But Not Fired or Unfired Steam Boilers 24
Non-Fire Exposure 24
External Fire or Heat Exposure Only and Process Relief 24
23.8 Relieving Capacity of Combinations of Safety Relief Valves and Rupture Disks or Non-Reclosure Devices (Reference ASME Code, Par. UG-127, U-132) 24
Primary Relief 24
Rupture Disk Devices, [44] Par UG-127 25
Footnotes to ASME Code 26
23.9 Establishing Relieving or Set Pressures 27
Safety and Safety Relief Valves for Steam Service 28
23.10 Selection and Application 28
Causes of System Overpressure 28
23.11 Capacity Requirements Evaluation for Process Operation (Non-Fire) 29
Installation 34
23.12 Piping Design 37
Pressure Drops 37
Line Sizing 37
23.13 Selection Features: Safety, Safety-Relief Valves, and Rupture Disks 44
23.14 Calculations of Relieving Areas: Safety and Relief Valves 46
23.15 Standard Pressure Relief Valves Relief Area Discharge Openings 46
23.16 Sizing Safety Relief Type Devices for Required Flow Area at Time of Relief 47
23.17 Effects of Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Mixture on Relief Valve Capacity 47
23.18 Sizing for Gases or Vapors or Liquids for Conventional Valves with Constant Backpressure Only 47
Procedure 48
Establish Critical Flow for Gases and Vapors 48
Example 23.2: Flow through Sharp Edged Vent Orifice (Adapted after [41]) 54
23.19 Orifice Area Calculations [42] 54
23.20 Sizing Valves for Liquid Relief: Pressure-Relief Valves Requiring Capacity Certification [5D] 60
23.21 Sizing Valves For Liquid Relief: Pressure Relief Valves Not Requiring Capacity Certification [5D] 61
23.22 Reaction Forces 66
Example 23.3 67
Solution 67
Example 23.4 69
Solution 70
23.23 Calculations of Orifice Flow Area using Pressure Relieving Balanced Bellows Valves, with Variable or Constant Backpressure 72
23.24 Sizing Valves for Liquid Expansion (Hydraulic Expansion of Liquid Filled Systems/ Equipment/Piping) 80
23.25 Sizing Valves for Subcritical Flow: Gas or Vapor But Not Steam [5d] 81
23.26 Emergency Pressure Relief: Fires and Explosions Rupture Disks 84
23.27 External Fires 84
23.28 Set Pressures for External Fires 85
23.29 Heat Absorbed 85
The Severe Case 85
23.30 Surface Area Exposed to Fire 86
23.31 Relief Capacity for Fire Exposure 87
23.32 Code Requirements for External Fire Conditions 87
23.33 Design Procedure 88
Example 23.5 88
Solution 88
23.34 Pressure Relief Valve Orifice Areas on Vessels Containing Only Gas, Unwetted Surface 92
23.35 Rupture Disk Sizing Design and Specification 93
23.36 Specifications to Manufacturer 93
23.37 Size Selection 94
23.38 Calculation of Relieving Areas: Rupture Disks for Non-Explosive Service 94
23.39 The Manufacturing Range (MR) 95
23.40 Selection of Burst Pressure for Disk, P b (Table 23.3) 95
Example 23.6: Rupture Disk Selection 98
23.41 Effects of Temperature on Disk 98
23.42 Rupture Disk Assembly Pressure Drop 101
23.4
