Chen / Wang / Duffy MA Advances in High-Pressure Techniques for Geophysical Applications

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-08-045766-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 532 Seiten

High-pressure mineral physics is a field that is strongly driven by the development of new technology. Fifty years ago, when experimentally achievable pressures were limited to just 25 GPa, little was know about the mineralogy of the Earth's lower mantle. Silicate perovskite, the likely dominant mineral of the deep Earth, was identified only when the high-pressure techniques broke the pressure barrier of 25 GPa in 1970s. However, as the maximum achievable pressure reached beyond one Megabar (100 GPa) and even to the pressure of Earth's core on minute samples, new discoveries increasingly were fostered by the development of new analytical techniques and improvements in sensitivity and precision of existing techniques.
The book consists of six sections which group the papers according to their main topics: a) Elastic and Anelastic Properties; b) Rheology; c) Melt and Glass Properties; d) Structural and Magnetic Properties; e) Diffraction and Spectroscopy; f) Pressure Calibration and Generation. As many papers cover multiple topics, readers may find papers of interest in different sections. All papers are prepared with emphasis on technical details suitable for a technical reference. Many on-line software resources are also listed in as detailed a manner as possible. However, the URL of the software sites may be subject to change without notice.
* State of the art in a very important branch of geophysics, namely the experimental determination of material behavior at the extreme conditions of planetary interiors
* Emphasis on technical details suitable for a technical reference
* Includes many on-line software resources

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chen, J.

Wang, Y.

Duffy MA, Dms

Duffy, Simon

Shen, G.

Dobrzhinetskaya, L. P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;COVER;1
2;Advances in High-Pressure Technology for Geophysical Applications;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Preface;16
7;Reviewers;17
8;Part I: Elastic and anelastic properties ;18
8.1;Chapter 1. Direct measurements of the elastic properties of iron and cobalt to 120 GPa – implications for the composition of Earth's core;20
8.2;Chapter 2. A gigahertz ultrasonic interferometer for the diamond anvil cell and high-pressure elasticity of some iron-oxide minerals;42
8.3;Chapter 3. Simultaneous equation of state, pressure calibration and sound velocity measurements to lower mantle pressures using multi-anvil apparatus;66
8.4;Chapter 4. Simultaneous determination of elastic and structural properties under simulated mantle conditions using multi-anvil device MAX80;84
8.5;Chapter 5. Laboratory measurement of seismic wave dispersion and attenuation at high pressure and temperature;112
9;Part II: Rheology ;138
9.1;Chapter 6. High-temperature plasticity measurements using synchrotron X-rays;140
9.2;Chapter 7. Stress and strain measurements of polycrystalline materials under controlled deformation at high pressure using monochromatic synchrotron radiation;154
9.3;Chapter 8. Development of a rotational Drickamer apparatus for large-strain deformation experiments at deep Earth conditions;184
10;Part III: Melt and glass properties ;200
10.1;Chapter 9. Density measurements of molten materials at high pressure using synchrotron X-ray radiography: melting volume of FeS;202
10.2;Chapter 10. Viscosity and density measurements of melts and glasses at high pressure and temperature by using the multi-anvil apparatus and synchrotron X-ray radiation;212
10.3;Chapter 11. The effect of composition, compression, and decompression on the structure of high-pressure aluminosilicate glasses: an investigation utilizing 17O and 27Al NMR;228
10.4;Chapter 12. The application of 17O and 27Al solid-state (3QMAS) NMR to structures of non-crystalline silicates at high-pressure;258
11;Part IV: Structural and magnetic properties ;280
11.1;Chapter 13. Decompression of majoritic garnet: an experimental investigation of mantle periodotite exhumation;282
11.2;Chapter 14. Chemistry at extreme conditions: approaching the Earth's major interface;306
11.3;Chapter 15. Pressure dependence on the magnetic properties of titanomagnetite using the reversible susceptibility method;332
12;Part V: Diffraction and spectroscopy ;354
12.1;Chapter 16. High-pressure angle-dispersive powder diffraction using an energy-dispersive setup and white synchrotron radiation;356
12.2;Chapter 17. Methods and application of the Paris–Edinburgh Press to X-ray diffraction structure solution with large-volume samples at high pressures and temperatures;370
12.3;Chapter 18. High-pressure structure determination and refinement by X-ray diffraction;388
12.4;Chapter 19. Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy with laser-heated diamond anvil cells;414
12.5;Chapter 20. In situ Raman Spectroscopy with laser-heated diamond anvil cells;430
13;Part VI: Pressure calibration and generation ;442
13.1;Chapter 21. Calibration based on a primary pressure scale in a multi-anvil device;444
13.2;Chapter 22. High-pressure generation in the Kawai-type apparatus equipped with sintered diamond anvils: application to the wurtzite–rocksalt transformation in GaN;468
13.3;Chapter 23. Development of high P–T neutron diffraction at LANSCE – toroidal anvil press, TAP-98, in the HiPPO diffractometer;478
13.4;Chapter 24. A new optical capillary cell for spectroscopic studies of geologic fluids at pressures up to 100 MPa;492
13.5;Chapter 25. Internal and external electrical heating in diamond anvil cells;504
13.6;Chapter 26. A new gasket material for higher resolution NMR in diamond anvil cells;520
14;Author index ;528
15;Subject index;530