Cancer

Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-0-12-405524-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 308 Seiten

Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants bridges the trans-disciplinary divide and covers in a single volume the science of oxidative stress in cancer and then the potentially therapeutic usage of natural antioxidants in the diet or food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are described in concert with other processes such as apoptosis, cell signaling, and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial and that oxidative stress is a single component of this. Oncologists, cancer researchers, and nutritionists are separated by divergent skills and professional disciplines that need to be bridged in order to advance preventative as well as treatment strategies. While oncologists and cancer researchers may study the underlying pathogenesis of cancer, they are less likely to be conversant in the science of nutrition and dietetics. On the other hand, nutritionists and dietitians are less conversant with the detailed clinical background and science of oncology. This book addresses this gap and brings each of these disciplines to bear on the processes inherent in the oxidative stress of cancer. - Nutritionists can apply information related to mitochondrial oxidative stress in one disease to diet-related strategies in another unrelated disease - Dietitians can prescribe new foods or diets containing anti-oxidants for conditions resistant to conventional pharmacological treatments - Dietitians, after learning about the basic biology of oxidative stress, will be able to suggest new treatments to their multidisciplinary teams - Nutritionists and dietitians will gain an understanding of cell signaling, and be able to suggest new preventative or therapeutic strategies with anti-oxidant rich foods

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;List of Contributors;12
7;Section 1 - OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CANCER;16
7.1;Chapter 1 - The Role of Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer;18
7.1.1;INTRODUCTION;19
7.1.2;OXIDATIVE STRESS AS A DRIVER OF BREAST CANCER DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION;19
7.1.3;OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE AND ADAPTATION MECHANISMS IN BREAST CANCER;24
7.1.4;INTERESTING FINDINGS, LIMITATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS;25
7.1.5;CONCLUDING REMARKS;26
7.1.6;SUMMARY POINTS;27
7.1.7;Acknowledgements;27
7.1.8;References;27
7.2;Chapter 2 - Oxidative Stress and Prostate Cancer;30
7.2.1;INTRODUCTION;30
7.2.2;CAUSES OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PROSTATE CANCER;30
7.2.3;ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATHOGENESIS OF PROSTATE CANCER;32
7.2.4;PROSTATE CANCER RISK FACTORS AND THEIR LINKS TO OXIDATIVE STRESS;34
7.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;35
7.2.6;SUMMARY POINTS;36
7.2.7;References;36
7.3;Chapter 3 - Oxidative Stress in Lung Cancer;38
7.3.1;INTRODUCTION;38
7.3.2;LUNG CANCER;39
7.3.3;ETIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER;39
7.3.4;TOBACCO SMOKING AND OXIDANTS;40
7.3.5;SILICA AND OXIDANTS;40
7.3.6;ASBESTOS AND OXIDANTS;42
7.3.7;DOMESTIC COOKING AND OXIDANTS;42
7.3.8;ROLE OF OXIDANTS IN NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY;42
7.3.9;INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS;42
7.3.10;OXIDATIVE STRESS LEADS TO DNA MUTATIONS AND LUNG CANCER;43
7.3.11;LIPID AND PROTEIN PEROXIDATION;44
7.3.12;OXIDANT/ANTIOXIDANT DISEQUILIBRIUM;44
7.3.13;ANTIOXIDANTS AND LUNG CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION;44
7.3.14;CONCLUSION;44
7.3.15;SUMMARY POINTS;44
7.3.16;References;45
7.4;Chapter 4 - Oxidative Stress and Stomach Cancer;48
7.4.1;INTRODUCTION;48
7.4.2;H. PYLORI AND OXIDATIVE STRESS;49
7.4.3;ETHANOL;50
7.4.4;NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ASPIRIN;50
7.4.5;ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY;51
7.4.6;REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES;51
7.4.7;REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES;52
7.4.8;ANTIOXIDANTS AND STOMACH CANCER;52
7.4.9;CONCLUSION;54
7.4.10;SUMMARY POINTS;54
7.4.11;References;54
7.5;Chapter 5 - The Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for the Treatment of Patients;56
7.5.1;INTRODUCTION;56
7.5.2;OVARIAN BIOLOGY;57
7.5.3;COMMON OVARIAN CANCER MUTATIONS LINKED TO ROS;60
7.5.4;ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISMS IN THE OVARY;61
7.5.5;ANTIOXIDANT THERAPIES, OVARIAN CANCER;62
7.5.6;CONCLUSION;64
7.5.7;SUMMARY POINTS;64
7.5.8;References;64
7.6;Chapter 6 - Role of Oxidative Stress in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Cervical Carcinogenesis;66
7.6.1;INTRODUCTION;66
7.6.2;CERVICAL CANCER;67
7.6.3;HPV STRUCTURE;67
7.6.4;OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CERVICAL CANCER;71
7.6.5;CONCLUDING REMARKS;74
7.6.6;SUMMARY POINTS;75
7.6.7;References;75
7.7;Chapter 7 - Inflammation and Oxidative DNA Damage: A Dangerous Synergistic Pathway to Cancer;78
7.7.1;INTRODUCTION;79
7.7.2;OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE;79
7.7.3;ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE LEADING TO CANCER;80
7.7.4;NONTARGETED EFFECTS, INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE;85
7.7.5;RADIATION-INDUCED INFLAMMATION;87
7.7.6;CONCLUSION;88
7.7.7;SUMMARY POINTS;88
7.7.8;References;88
8;Section 2 - ANTIOXIDANTS AND CANCER;90
8.1;Chapter 8 - Molecular Approaches Toward Targeted Cancer Therapy with Some Food Plant Products: On the Role of Antioxidants;92
8.1.1;INTRODUCTION;92
8.1.2;OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS): THE “RUSTING DISORDER”;94
8.1.3;OXIDATIVE STRESS: DEFINITION, SOURCES, AND CHEMISTRY IN GENERAL;94
8.1.4;CANCER: DEFINITION AND THE IMPACT OF FOOD AND FOOD HABITS;94
8.1.5;FINDING OUT THE CULPRIT: GENOME VERSUS OXIDATIVE STRESS;95
8.1.6;AIMS OF TARGETED CANCER THERAPY;95
8.1.7;CANCER THERAPEUTICS BY TARGETING ANTIOXIDATIVE MECHANISMS;95
8.1.8;ROS-RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR TARGETED CANCER THERAPY;99
8.1.9;CAROTENOIDS (BETA CAROTENE AND LYCOPENE);101
8.1.10;GRAPES;102
8.1.11;GINGER;102
8.1.12;SPINACH;102
8.1.13;FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;102
8.1.14;SUMMARY POINTS;102
8.1.15;References;103
8.2;Chapter 9 - Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Herbs and Spices in Cancer Prevention;106
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;106
8.2.2;ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIET AND HUMAN HEALTH;106
8.2.3;DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS;107
8.2.4;ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOCHEMICALS AND CANCER PREVENTION;107
8.2.5;TERPENOIDS AND CANCER PREVENTION;112
8.2.6;CHINESE HERBS AND CANCER PREVENTION;112
8.2.7;SUMMARY POINTS;114
8.2.8;References;114
8.3;Chapter 10 - The Indian Blackberry (Jamun), Antioxidant Capacity, and Cancer Protection;116
8.3.1;INTRODUCTION;116
8.3.2;EXTRACTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JAMUN PULP;117
8.3.3;ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF JAMUN AND ITS COMPONENTS;119
8.3.4;ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL ANTHOCYANIDINS;121
8.3.5;JAMUN EXTRACTS INHIBIT OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE;122
8.3.6;ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF JAMUN BIOACTIVES;123
8.3.7;EFFICACY OF JAMUN IN PREVENTING ESTROGEN-MEDIATED MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS;125
8.3.8;BIOAVAILABILITY OF BERRY BIOACTIVES;125
8.3.9;AVAILABILITY OF JAMUN AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS;126
8.3.10;CONCLUSION;126
8.3.11;SUMMARY POINTS;127
8.3.12;References;127
8.4;Chapter 11 - Preventive Effects of Broccoli Bioactives: Role on Oxidative Stress and Cancer Risk;130
8.4.1;INTRODUCTION;130
8.4.2;CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES INTAKE AND CANCER RISK;130
8.4.3;ANTIOXIDANTS AND OTHER BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN BROCCOLI;131
8.4.4;CANCER PREVENTIVE MECHANISMS OF ISOTHYOCIANATES AND INDOLES;133
8.4.5;MODULATION OF PHASE I AND PHASE II BIOTRANSFORMATION ENZYMES;133
8.4.6;ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY;134
8.4.7;STIMULATION OF APOPTOSIS;134
8.4.8;REGULATION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR;135
8.4.9;EPIGENETIC REGULATION;135
8.4.10;OTHER MECHANISMS;135
8.4.11;ROLE OF BROCCOLI INTAKE ON MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CANCER RISK IN HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES: THE CASE OF SMOKERS;135
8.4.12;CLOSING REMARKS AND CONCLUSIONS;139
8.4.13;SUMMARY POINTS;139
8.4.14;References;140
8.5;Chapter 12 - Resveratrol and Lycopene in the Diet and Cancer Prevention;142
8.5.1;INTRODUCTION;142
8.5.2;RESVERATROL;143
8.5.3;LYCOPENE;149
8.5.4;CONCLUSIONS;151
8.5.5;SUMMARY POINTS;152
8.5.6;References;152
8.6;Chapter 13 - Iron, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer;154
8.6.1;INTRODUCTION;154
8.6.2;EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCES;154
8.6.3;IRON HOMEOSTASIS AND CANCER DEVELOPMENT: MECHANISTIC VIEWS;158
8.6.4;SUMMARY POINTS;162
8.6.5;References;162
8.7;Chapter 14 - Role of Black Chokeberries in Breast Cancer: a Focus on Antioxidant Activity;166
8.7.1;OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BREAST CANCER;166
8.7.2;DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS AND THEIR ROLE IN CANCER;167
8.7.3;ACTIVITY OF BLACK CHOKEBERRIES IN BREAST CANCER;167
8.7.4;SUMMARY POINTS;170
8.7.5;References;170
8.8;Chapter 15 - Curcumin, Oxidative Stress, and Breast Cancer;174
8.8.1;INTRODUCTION;174
8.8.2;ESTROGENS (17.-ESTRADIOL) AND OXIDATIVE STRESS;174
8.8.3;OXIDATIVE STRESS;175
8.8.4;CURCUMIN AS AN ANTIOXIDANT;176
8.8.5;EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN ON LIPID PEROXIDATION;178
8.8.6;OXIDATIVE STRESS AND GENOMIC INSTABILITY;180
8.8.7;SUMMARY POINTS;182
8.8.8;References;183
8.9;Chapter 16 - Antioxidant Vitamins and Genetic Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer;186
8.9.1;INTRODUCTION;186
8.9.2;EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS ON BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE;187
8.9.3;ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND GENOMIC INTEGRITY: DEVELOPMENTAL AND DEGENERATIVE CORRELATES;187
8.9.4;INTERACTION BETWEEN GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS ON BREAST CANCER RISK;191
8.9.5;References;196
8.10;Chapter 17 - Dietary Antioxidants in Prostate Cancer;198
8.10.1;INTRODUCTION;198
8.10.2;DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS;199
8.10.3;SUMMARY;204
8.10.4;REVIEW OF MAIN POINTS;204
8.10.5;References;204
8.11;Chapter 18 - Curcumin Analogs, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer;206
8.11.1;INTRODUCTION;206
8.11.2;PROSTATE CANCER AND OXIDATIVE STRESS;207
8.11.3;CURCUMIN, CURCUMINOIDS, AND CURCUMIN ANALOGS;208
8.11.4;THE POTENTIAL OF CURCUMIN, CURCUMINOIDS, AND CURCUMIN ANALOGS AS OXIDANT AGENTS IN PROSTATE CANCER;213
8.11.5;SUMMARY POINTS;216
8.11.6;References;216
8.12;Chapter 19 - Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Lung Cancer: Role of n-3 PUFAs;218
8.12.1;INTRODUCTION;218
8.12.2;GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING EPA AND DHA;219
8.12.3;CONCLUSIONS;222
8.12.4;SUMMARY POINTS;223
8.12.5;References;224
8.13;Chapter 20 - Antioxidative Stress Actions of Cocoa in Colonic Cancer;226
8.13.1;INTRODUCTION;226
8.13.2;CHEMOPREVENTIVE MECHANISM OF COCOA POLYPHENOLS IN CULTURED COLON CANCER CELLS;227
8.13.3;CHEMOPREVENTIVE MECHANISM OF COCOA IN AN IN VIVO MODEL OF COLON CANCER;232
8.13.4;HUMAN STUDIES;234
8.13.5;SUMMARY POINTS;235
8.13.6;References;235
8.14;Chapter 21 - Green Tea Polyphenols and Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Liver Cancer;238
8.14.1;INTRODUCTION;238
8.14.2;OXIDATIVE STRESS ASSOCIATED WITH HCCS;238
8.14.3;ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF GTPS;242
8.14.4;COMBINED EFFECTS OF GREEN TEA AND ANTICANCER DRUGS;242
8.14.5;METABOLISM OF GTPS IN THE HUMAN BODY;242
8.14.6;PREVIOUS REPORTS OF GTPS AND HTLV-1-ASSOCIATED T-CELL LEUKEMIA (ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA);242
8.14.7;CONTROVERSIAL RESULTS CONCERNING THE EFFICACY OF GTPS;242
8.14.8;SUMMARY POINTS;242
8.14.9;References;243
8.15;Chapter 22 - Quercetin’s Potential to Prevent and Inhibit Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Cancer;246
8.15.1;INTRODUCTION;246
8.15.2;ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVER CANCER;247
8.15.3;ANTIOXIDANTS AS THE OXIDATIVE STRESS SCAVENGER;250
8.15.4;SUMMARY POINTS;253
8.15.5;References;253
8.16;Chapter 23 - Capsaicin Mediated Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Cancer;256
8.16.1;INTRODUCTION;256
8.16.2;APOPTOTIC PATHWAYS;257
8.16.3;ROS AND ETC COMPLEX IN THE MITOCHONDRIA;257
8.16.4;THIOREDOXIN AND ASK-1 SIGNALING PATHWAY;259
8.16.5;SUPPRESSION OF PANCREATITIS BY CAPSAICIN;259
8.16.6;SUMMARY POINTS;260
8.16.7;References;260
8.17;Chapter 24 - Tocotrienols in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment and Prevention;262
8.17.1;INTRODUCTION;262
8.17.2;SOURCE OF TOCOTRIENOLS;262
8.17.3;USE OF TOCOTRIENOLS IN CANCER;263
8.17.4;OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CANCER AND THE PREVENTIVE ROLE OF TOCOTRIENOLS;263
8.17.5;EFFECT OF TOCOTRIENOLS IN MEDIATING CELLULAR PATHWAYS;264
8.17.6;TOCOTRIENOLS IN PANCREATIC CANCER;264
8.17.7;IN VITRO DATA IN PANCREATIC CANCER;266
8.17.8;IN VIVO DATA IN PANCREATIC CANCER;267
8.17.9;CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTION;268
8.17.10;SUMMARY POINTS;268
8.17.11;References;268
8.18;Chapter 25 - Fern Extract, Oxidative Stress, and Skin Cancer;270
8.18.1;INTRODUCTION;270
8.18.2;PHOTOPROTECTIVE AGENTS;271
8.18.3;MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF FERNBLOCK®;272
8.18.4;POTENTIAL USE OF FERNBLOCK® IN THE TREATMENT OF OTHER PATHOLOGICAL SKIN CONDITIONS;277
8.18.5;FERNBLOCK: A ROAD TO (PRESENT AND FUTURE) PHOTOPROTECTION;278
8.18.6;SUMMARY POINTS;278
8.18.7;References;278
8.19;Chapter 26 - Skin Cancer, Polyphenols, and Oxidative Stress;280
8.19.1;INTRODUCTION;280
8.19.2;OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND ASSOCIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS: FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGY, THE ALTERATION, AND COUNTERACT...;280
8.19.3;ECM REMODELING AND ASSOCIATED GROWTH FACTORS: FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGY, THE ALTERATION, AND COUNTERACTION BY POLYPHENOLS;282
8.19.4;CONCLUSION;283
8.19.5;SUMMARY POINTS;284
8.19.6;References;284
8.20;Chapter 27 - Pterostilbene Protection and Bladder Cancer Cells;286
8.20.1;INTRODUCTION;286
8.20.2;PTEROSTILBENE;287
8.20.3;PTEROSTILBENE AND BLADDER CANCER;291
8.20.4;SUMMARY POINTS;294
8.20.5;References;295
9;Index;298
10;Color Plates;310

Leseproben

List of Contributors
LucasAidukaitis, CNABrigham Young University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Provo, UT, USA Jennifer L.AllensworthPhDDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA B.AndalluMSc, PhDFood Science and Nutrition Division, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur Campus, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India FarrukhAqilPhDJames Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA VipinAroraM.Pharm, PhDUniversity Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India KhaledAziz, MDMedical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA YasutakaBabaMD, PhDDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan Yun-JungBaeDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hanbuk University, Gyeonggi, Korea AnkitaBavejaM.PharmUniversity Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India MarcoBisoffiPhDChapman University Schmid College of Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orange, CA, USA and University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA RobertBurkyMSUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA DavidBynumSchool of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA Gloria M.CalafPhDInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, Chile and Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Rosa A.Canuto, MDDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Maria G.Catalano, MDDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy KanishkaChakrabortyMDDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Yin-ChiuChenInstitute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Rong-JaneChenPhD Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Chin-WenChiPhDDepartment of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan KanwaljitChopraM.Pharm., PhD, MNAScUniversity Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India RaffaellaCocciaPhDDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy JoshuaCohenMDUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA AnaCruzMSUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA SreemantiDasCytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India PalikaDattaPhDDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University of Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA CristianDel Bo’MSUniversità degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy Gayathri R.DeviPhDDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Myron K.Evans, MDDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA MaurizioFaddaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy Alexandra M.FajardoPhDUniversity of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA RobinFarias-EisnerMD, PhDUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA ConcettaFinocchiaroDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy CesiraFoppoliCNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Alexandros G.GeorgakilasPhDPhysics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece YolandaGilaberteMD, PhDDepartment of Dermatology, San Jorge Hospital, Huesca, Spain SalvadorGonzalezMD, PhDDermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA LuisGoyaPhDDepartment of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutricion (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain Ramesh C.GuptaPhDJames Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA ChrisHamiltonBrigham Young University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Provo, UT, USA Vasiliki I.HatziPhDLaboratory of Health Physics & Environmental Health, Institute of Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos,” 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece SadaoHayashiMD, PhDDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan CharlesHummelMD, PhDUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA,...