Brush / Ter Haar Irreversible Processes

Kinetic Theory
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8104-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 262 Seiten

Kinetic Theory, Volume 2: Irreversible Processes deals with the kinetic theory of gases and the irreversible processes they undergo. It includes the two papers by James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann in which the basic equations for transport processes in gases are formulated, together with the first derivation of Boltzmann's 'H-theorem' and a discussion of this theorem, along with the problem of irreversibility. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the fundamental nature of heat and of gases, along with Boltzmann's work on the kinetic theory of gases and statistical mechanics. Energy dissipation, the statistical nature of the second law of thermodynamics, and the eternal return and the recurrence paradox are also considered. The first chapter examines the dynamical theory of gases and its application to the explanation of various properties of gases; the known chemical relation between the density of a gas and its equivalent weight, commonly called the Law of Equivalent Volumes; and the diffusion of one gas through another. Subsequent chapters focus on the thermal equilibrium of gas molecules; the three-body problem and the equations of dynamics; the mechanical theory of heat; and the relation of a general mechanical theorem to the second law of thermodynamics. A mechanical explanation of irreversible processes is also offered. This book will be useful for students of physics at the advanced undergraduate or beginning postgraduate level.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Brush, Stephen G.

Ter Haar, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Irreversible Processes;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;To Denise;6
6;Preface;12
7;Part I:;14
7.1;Introduction;16
7.1.1;Boltzmann;18
7.1.2;Dissipation of Energy;20
7.1.3;Cultural Influence of the Dissipation of Energy;24
7.1.4;The Statistical Nature of the Second Law;25
7.1.5;The Eternal Return and the Recurrence Paradox;28
7.2;Bibliography;32
8;Part II:;34
8.1;Chapter 1. On the Dynamical Theory of Gases;36
8.1.1;SUMMARY;36
8.1.2;On the Mutual Action of Two Molecules;47
8.1.3;On the Mutual Action of Two Systems of Moving Molecules;50
8.1.4;Determination of è for Certain Laws of Force;54
8.1.5;Variation of Functions of the Velocity due to encounters between the Molecules;63
8.1.6;On the Action of External Forces on a System of Moving Molecules;65
8.1.7;Theory of a Medium composed of Moving Molecules;68
8.1.8;Transference of Quantities across a Plane Area;69
8.1.9;(a) Transference of Matter across a Plane—Velocity of the Fluid;70
8.1.10;(ß) Transference of Momentum across a Plane—System of Pressures at any point of the Fluid;71
8.1.11;Energy in the Medium—Actual Heat;72
8.1.12;(.) Transference of Energy across a Plane—Conduction of Heat;73
8.1.13;On the Rate of Variation of Q in an Element of Volume, Q being any property of the Molecules in that Element;73
8.1.14;Equation of Continuity;74
8.1.15;

Equations of Motion (a);75
8.1.16;Condition of Equilibrium of a Mixture of Gases;75
8.1.17;Diffusion of Gases;76
8.1.18;Definition of the Coefficient of Diffusion;79
8.1.19;1st. Equilibrium of Temperature between two Gases— Law of Equivalent Volumes;83
8.1.20;Cooling by Expansion;85
8.1.21;Specific Heat of Unit of Mass at Constant Volume;85
8.1.22;Thermal Effects of Diffusion;87
8.1.23;Determination of the Inequality of Pressure in different Directions due to the Motion of the Medium;88
8.1.24;Equations of Motion corrected for Viscosity;90
8.1.25;Viscosity of a Mixture of Gases;93
8.1.26;Conduction of Heat in a Single Medium (.);96
8.1.27;[Final Equilibrium of Temperature];97
8.1.28;Coefficient of Conductivity;98
8.2;Chapter 2. Further Studies on the Thermal Equilibrium of Gas Molecules;101
8.2.1;SUMMARY;101
8.2.2;I. Consideration of Monatomic Gas Molecules;104
8.2.3;II. Replacement of Integrals by Sums;130
8.2.4;III. Diffusion, viscosity, and heat conduction of a Gas;146
8.2.5;IV. Treatment of polyatomic gas molecules;155
8.2.6;V. The molecules do not make a large number of vibrations between one collision and the next;173
8.2.7;VI. Solution of equation (81) and calculation of the entropy;180
8.3;Chapter 3. The Kinetic Theory of the Dissipation of Energy;189
8.3.1;SUMMARY;189
8.3.2;Appendix;196
8.4;Chapter 4. On the Relation of a General Mechanical Theorem to the Second Law of Thermodynamics;201
8.4.1;SUMMARY;201
8.5;Chapter 5. On the Three-body Problem and the Equations of Dynamics ;207
8.5.1;SUMMARY;207
8.5.2;§ 1. Notations and definitions;207
8.5.3;§ 8. Use of integral invariants;209
8.6;Chapter 6. Mechanism and Experience;216
8.6.1;SUMMARY;216
8.7;Chapter 7. On a Theorem of Dynamics and the Mechanical Theory of Heat;221
8.7.1;SUMMARY;221
8.8;Chapter 8. Reply to Zermelo's Remarks on the Theory of Heat;231
8.8.1;SUMMARY;231
8.8.2;Appendix;239
8.9;Chapter 9. On the Mechanical Explanation of Irreversible Processes;242
8.9.1;SUMMARY;242
8.10;Chapter 10. On Zermelo's Paper ' On the Mechanical Explanation of Irreversible Processes";251
8.10.1;SUMMARY;251
8.10.2;Appendix;256
9;Index;260