Bourne Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies

A Treatment Manual
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6446-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 382 Seiten, Web PDF

Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies: A Treatment Manual presents the most commonly encountered drug abuse emergencies. This book discusses how various drug-related conditions should be managed by practicing physicians and all those who are dealing with drug abusers. Organized into nine parts encompassing 28 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various emergency drug reactions, including behavioral disturbances, organ malfunction, central nervous system depression, exacerbation of pre-existing illness, or combinations. This text then examines the profile of a typical heroin overdose victim. Other chapters consider severe poisoning due to nonbarbiturate sedative overdosage. This book discusses as well the types of adverse reactions to marihuana and the dangers of marihuana use. The final chapter deals with the ease of synthesis and the potency of arylcyclohexylamines as a mind-altering drug. This book is a valuable resource for toxicologists, emergency room physicians, and nurses. Readers who are dealing with drug abusers will also find this book extremely useful.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bourne, Peter G.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies: A Treatment Manual;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS;16
6;PREFACE;20
7;PART I: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS;22
7.1;Chapter 1. Differential Diagnosis of Emergency Drug Reactions;24
7.1.1;I. Introduction;24
7.1.2;II. Drug Intoxication;25
7.1.3;III. Drug Withdrawal;29
7.1.4;IV. "Flashback" Reactions;30
7.1.5;V. Concurrent Illness or Injury;30
7.1.6;VI. Complications of "Needle Habit";31
7.1.7;VII. Nonspecificity of Symptoms;32
7.1.8;VIII. Laboratory Identification of Etiologic Agent;33
7.1.9;References;34
7.2;Chapter 2. Differential Diagnosis of Emergency Drug Reactions;36
7.2.1;I. Introduction;36
7.2.2;II. Clinical Manifestations;37
7.2.3;III. Biochemical Manifestations;41
7.2.4;References;41
8;PART II: EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF OPIATE OVERDOSE;42
8.1;Chapter 3. The Treatment of Acute Heroin Toxicity;44
8.1.1;I. Introduction;44
8.1.2;II. Profile of a Heroin Overdose Victim;45
8.1.3;III. The Management of Opiate Overdose;46
8.1.4;IV. Unusual Clinical Situations;51
8.1.5;V. Conclusion;52
8.1.6;References;53
8.2;Chapter 4. The Treatment of Acute Heroin Toxicity;54
8.2.1;I. Introduction;54
8.2.2;II. Diagnosis;55
8.2.3;III. General Management;56
8.2.4;IV. Followup Care;60
8.2.5;V. Conclusion;60
8.2.6;VI. Etiologic Factors;60
8.2.7;References;61
8.3;Chapter 5. The Management of Methadone Intoxication;62
8.3.1;I. Pharmacology and Use of Methadone;62
8.3.2;II. Elements of the Medical History;63
8.3.3;III. Physical Examination and Differential Diagnosis;64
8.3.4;IV. Immediate Management;65
8.3.5;V. General Management;67
8.3.6;VI. Followup Car;69
8.3.7;References;71
8.4;Chapter 6. The Management of Narcotic Withdrawal Syndrome in the Neonate;72
8.5;Chapter 7. The Herom Withdrawal Syndrome of Newborn Infants;76
8.5.1;I. Prevalence;76
8.5.2;II. Prenatal Hazards and Birth Complications;77
8.5.3;III. Onset of Symptoms;77
8.5.4;IV. Symptomatology;78
8.5.5;V. Laboratory Investigations;80
8.5.6;VI. Treatment;80
8.5.7;VII. Prognosis;81
8.5.8;References;83
8.6;Chapter 8. Management of the Opiate Abstinence Syndrome;84
8.6.1;I. Introduction;84
8.6.2;II. Procedure;85
8.6.3;III. Problems;88
8.6.4;IV. Results;89
8.7;Chapter 9. Management of Acute Medical Complications Resulting from Heroin Addiction;90
8.7.1;I. Introduction;91
8.7.2;II. Cardiac;91
8.7.3;III. Pulmonary;95
8.7.4;IV. Gastrointestinal;98
8.7.5;V. Renal;100
8.7.6;VI. Neurologic;101
8.7.7;VII. Musculoskeletal and Cutaneous;104
8.7.8;VIII. Hematologic and Vascular;105
8.7.9;Bibliography;106
9;PART III: TREATMENT OF ACUTE CNS DEPRESSANT EMERGENCIES;108
9.1;Chapter 10. Emergency Treatment of Acute Barbiturate Intoxication;110
9.1.1;1. Introduction;110
9.1.2;II. Pulmonary;110
9.1.3;III. Cardiovascular;111
9.1.4;IV. History;111
9.1.5;V. Physical Examination;112
9.1.6;VI. Neurological Exammation;113
9.1.7;VII. Laboratory;115
9.1.8;VIII. General Therapy;115
9.1.9;IX. Summary;117
9.1.10;Reference;118
10;Chapter 11. Managing the Barbiturate Withdrawal Syndrome;120
11;Chapter 12. The Treatment of Nonbarbiturate Sedative Overdosage;126
11.1;I. Introduction;126
11.2;II. Supportive Measures;127
11.3;III. Specific Drugs;130
11.4;IV. Summary;133
11.5;References;133
12;PART IV: EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO CNS STIMULANTS;134
12.1;Chapter 13. Emergency Treatment of Acute Adverse Reactions to CNS Stimulants;136
12.1.1;I. Introduction;136
12.1.2;II. Management of Acute Medical Complications;137
12.1.3;III. Treatment of Acute Amphetamine Psychosis;140
12.1.4;IV. Psychiatric Management of Amphetamine Withdrawal;142
12.1.5;References;143
12.2;Chapter 14. The Treatment of Amphetamine Psychosis;144
12.2.1;I. Introduction;144
12.2.2;II. Diagnostic Interview;145
12.2.3;III. Physical Examination;147
12.2.4;IV. Treatment;148
12.2.5;References;150
13;PART V: EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS;152
13.1;Chapter 15. Management of Acute Panic Reactions and Flashbacks Resulting from LSD Ingestion;154
13.1.1;I. Introduction;154
13.1.2;II. Acute Panic Reactions;155
13.1.3;III. LSD Flashbacks;157
13.1.4;References;159
13.2;Chapter 16. Emergency Treatment of Acute Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs;160
13.2.1;I. Hallucinogenic Drugs;160
13.2.2;II. Acute Adverse Reactions;161
13.2.3;III. Emergency Management;162
13.2.4;References;164
13.3;Chapter 17. Emergency Treatment of Acute Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs;166
13.3.1;I. Introduction;166
13.3.2;II. The Hallucinogenic Drugs;167
13.3.3;III. The Adverse Reaction;167
13.3.4;IV. Management;168
13.3.5;V. Prognosis and Conclusion;170
13.3.6;Bibliography;171
14;PART VI: EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF ACUTE REACTIONS TO CANNABIS DERIVATIVES;172
14.1;Chapter 18. Emergency Management of Marihuana Psychosis;174
14.1.1;I. Adverse Reactions to Marihuana;175
14.1.2;II. Expected or Usual Effects of Marihuana;176
14.1.3;III. Types of Adverse Reactions to Marihuana;177
14.1.4;IV. Variables Affecting Marihuana Effects;179
14.1.5;V. The Treatment of Marihuana Psychosis;180
14.1.6;References;181
15;Chapter 19. Emergency Treatment of Marihuana Complicating Diabetes;184
15.1;I. Introduction and Comment;184
15.2;II. Differential Evaluation;185
15.3;III. Treatment Methods;186
15.4;IV. Followup;187
15.5;V. Summary and Abstract;187
15.6;References;188
15.7;Appendix: A–Walter Reed General Hospital Protocol for Treatment of Diabetic Acidosis and Coma;188
16;PART VII: EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF INHALATION PSYCHOSIS AND RELATED STATES;196
16.1;Chapter 20. Inhalation Psychosis and Related States;198
16.1.1;I. Introduction;198
16.1.2;II. Materials and Techniques;199
16.1.3;III. The Nature of Inhalation Psychosis;201
16.1.4;IV. The Inhaler;204
16.1.5;V. The Etiology of Inhalation Psychosis;207
16.1.6;VI. Treatment;210
16.1.7;VII. Summary;211
16.1.8;References;211
17;PART VIII: EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION;216
17.1;Chapter 21. Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication and the Withdrawal Syndrome: A Critical Analysis of the Use of Drugs and Other Forms of Therapy;218
17.1.1;I. Introduction;218
17.1.2;II. Alcohol Intoxication;220
17.1.3;III. The Abstinence or Withdrawal Syndrome;224
17.1.4;IV. Nutritional Diseases of the Nervous System (Secondary to Alcoholism);233
17.1.5;V. Summary and Conclusions;234
17.1.6;References;235
17.2;Chapter 22. Diagnosis and Therapy of Acute Withdrawal from Alcohol;240
17.2.1;I. Introduction;240
17.2.2;II. Sedation;243
17.2.3;III. Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism;245
17.2.4;IV. Carbohydrate Metabolism;246
17.2.5;V. Anticonvulsant Therapy;246
17.2.6;VI. Antibiotic Therapy;247
17.2.7;VII. Summary;247
17.2.8;References;249
18;PART IX: SPECIAL PROBLEMS;250
18.1;Chapter 23. Drug Dependence in Hospitalized Patients;252
18.1.1;I. Drug Abuse;252
18.1.2;II. Drug Dependence;253
18.1.3;III. Tolerance;254
18.1.4;IV. Types of Abused Drugs;255
18.1.5;V. Alcohol Type;255
18.1.6;VI. Barbiturate Type;261
18.1.7;VII. Morphine Type;264
18.1.8;VIII. Amphetamine, Cocaine and Marihuana Types;266
18.1.9;IX. Hallucinogenic Type;267
18.1.10;X. Solvent Sniffing;268
18.1.11;XI. Drug Dependence among Physicians and Nurses;269
18.1.12;XII. Dependence upon Several Drugs;269
18.1.13;XIII. Summary;269
18.1.14;References;269
18.2;Chapter 24. Surgery for Drug Abusers—Anesthesia;272
18.2.1;I. Introduction;272
18.2.2;II. Detoxification;273
18.2.3;III. Premedication;275
18.2.4;IV. Anesthetic Management;275
18.2.5;V. Abstinence Syndrome;277
18.2.6;References;279
18.3;Chapter 25. Accidental Poisoning in Children and Adolescents by Drugs of Abuse;280
18.3.1;I. Introduction;280
18.3.2;II. General Management Guidelines;281
18.3.3;III. Opiates;282
18.3.4;IV. Sedatives;283
18.3.5;V. Amphetamines;284
18.3.6;VI. Hallucinogens;284
18.3.7;References;285
18.4;Chapter 26. Confidentiality and the Drug Abuse Patient;286
18.4.1;I. Introduction;286
18.4.2;II. Confidentiality Regulations;287
18.4.3;III. Medical Issues;288
18.4.4;lV. Administrative Issues;291
18.4.5;V. Conclusion;296
18.5;Chapter 27. Chemotherapy for Drug Abuse Related Emergencies;298
18.5.1;I. Introduction;298
18.5.2;II. Chemotherapeutic Approaches;302
18.5.3;References;316
18.6;Chapter 28. Management and Treatment of Acute Phencyclidine Intoxications;318
18.6.1;I. Introduction;318
18.6.2;II. Presenting Picture;319
18.6.3;III. Clinical Findings;319
18.6.4;IV. Diagnosis;323
18.6.5;V. Early Management;323
18.6.6;VI. The Recovery Phase;325
18.6.7;VII. Treatment;325
18.6.8;VIII. Conclusion;326
18.6.9;Bibliography;326
19;Subject Index;328