Aresta Carbon Dioxide as Chemical Feedstock

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-527-62992-3
Verlag: Wiley-VCH
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 394 Seiten, E-Book

Herausgegeben von einem international bekannten Forscher, untersucht dieser umfassende, topaktuelle Band die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Kohlendioxid zur Gewinnung von Harnstoffen, Enzymen, Carbamaten und Isocyanaten, als Lösungsmittel, in der Elektrochemie, in der Verwertung von Biomasse und in anderen interessanten Umfeldern.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Aresta, Michele

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

CARBON DIOXIDE: UTILIZATION OPTIONS TO REDUCE IST ACCUMULATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Carbon Dioxide Emission

The Accumulation of CO2 in the Atmosphere, and the Effects that We Fear

Technologies to Reduce CO2 Accumulation in the Atmosphere

The Utilization of CO2

CO2: Sources and Prices

The Potential for CO2 Utilization, and the Content of This Book

The Need for Research to Speed an Exploitation of the Utilization Option

UTILIZATION OF DENSE CARBON DIOXIDE AS AN INERT SOLVENT FOR CHEMICAL SYNTHESES

Introduction

Dense Carbon Dioxide as Solvent Medium for Chemical Processes

Enzymatic Catalysis in Dense Carbon Dioxide

Other Reactions in Dense Carbon Dioxide

Polymer Synthesis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Conclusions

AUTOTROPHIC CARBON FIXATION IN BIOLOGY: PATHWAYS, RULES, AND SPECULATIONS

Introduction

The Mechanisms of CO2 Fixation

Rules to Explain the Diversity

Evolutionary Aspects

Chemical Aspects of CO2 Fixation

CARBON DIOXIDE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AND REACTIVITY OF COORDINATED CO2

Introduction

Carbon Dioxide Bonding to Metals

Synthesis and Structure of CO2 Complexes

Reactivity of CO2 Complexes

CO2 Complexes as Reaction Intermediates in CO2 Utilization Processes

Conclusions

MAIN GROUP ELEMENT- AND TRANSITION METAL-PROMOTED CARBOXYLATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES (ALKANES, ALKENES, ALKYNES, AROMATICS, AND OTHERS)

Introduction

Formation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids: The Kolbe-Schmitt Synthesis

Reactive Organometallic Derivatives in the Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids

Palladium (0)-Catalyzed Telomerization of Butadiene with CO2: Synthesis of Delta-Lactone

THE CHEMISTRY OF N-CO2 BONDS: SYNTHESIS OF CARBAMIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES, ISOCYANATES, AND UREAS

Introduction

Synthesis of Carbamic Acids and Alkylammonium Carbamates

Synthesis of Carbamate Esters

Synthesis of Isocyanates

Synthesis of Ureas

Conclusions

SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR AND CYCLIC CARBONATES

Introduction

Acyclic Organic Carbonates

Synthesis of Organic Cyclic Carbonates

Transesterification Reactions

POLYMERS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE: POLYCARBONATES, POLYTHIOCARBONATES, AND POLYURETHANES

Introduction

Historical Perspective

Metal Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO2

Metal Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Oxetanes and CO2

Physical Methods for the Characterization of Copolymers Produced from Epoxides or Oxetane and Carbion Dioxide

Copolymer Isolation and Catalyst Recycling

Copolymerization of Carbon Disulfide and Epoxide and Episulfide

Copolymers from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide

Concluding Remarks

IN-SITU OF CARBON DEPOSITION DURING CO2 REFORMING OF METHANE FOR SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION, USING THE TAPERED ELEMENT OSCILLATIN MICROBALANCE

Introduction

Thermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Formation from CH4 or CO

 

Thermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Formation in CO2 Reforming of Methane

TEOM Analysis of Carbon Formation in CO2 Reforming

TEM Analysis on Carbon Formed on Catalysts After CO2 Reforming of Methane

Kinetic Study of Carbon Formation on Pch4 and Pco in CO2 Reforming

H2O Effect on Carbon Formation in CO2 Reforming

Conclusions

UTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE THROUGH NONTHERMAL PLASMA APPROACHES

Introduction

Nonthermal Plasma Phenomena

CO and/or H2 Production from CO2

Hydrocarbons Synthesis from CO2

Oxygenates Synthesis from CO2

Combination of Plasma with Catalyst

Summary

PHOTOCHEMICAL, ELECTROCHEMICAL, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Introduction

Homogeneous Photochemical Reduction

Electrochemical Reduction

Semiconductor Systems for Reduction

Concluding Remarks and Future Directions

RECENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CARBOXYLATION BASED ON CARBON DIOXIDE

Introduction

Electrocarboxylation

The Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide in Protic Media (Water and Alcohols)

INDIRECT UTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: UTILIZATION OFTERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC BIOMASS

Introduction

The Natural Carbon Cycle

The Utilization of Terrestrial Biomass

The First-Generation Biofuels

The New Generations of Biofuels

Implementation of the Bio

Über Autor(innen)

Michele Aresta is full Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Bari and Honorary Professor of the Tianjin University. He is President of the Inorganic Chemistry Division of Italian Chemical Society and Director of the "Interuniversity Consortium on Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis". His areas of research are carbon dioxide utilisation in synthetic chemistry, catalysis, coordination and metallorganic chemistry. Professor Aresta is author of more than 200 papers and editor of four books. He has received several awards, like the Award of the Italian Chemical Society and the Prize of the Société Française de Chimie for Inorganic Chemistry.