True Warnings and False Alarms

1. Auflage 2004
ISBN: 978-1-891853-55-5
Verlag: Routledge

Buch, Englisch, 200 Seiten, Format (B × H): 159 mm x 233 mm, Gewicht: 431 g

Given time, scientists reach consensus about the truth or falsity of a wide range of alleged hazards. Today, there is broad agreement that CFCs destroy stratospheric ozone. On the other hand, research does not support claims that electromagnetic fields from transmission lines cause a noticeable increase of leukemia. But new allegations continuously arise. Are manufactured chemicals in the environment distorting normal hormonal processes in our bodies? Are genetically modified foods a cause for concern?

Addressing one of the most vexing problems in risk policy, Allan Mazur asks how we can tell, at an early stage, how seriously we should take a new warning. To identify hallmarks that could help predict the truth or falsity of an alleged hazard, Mazur analyzes 31 health warnings raised during the 1950s and 1960s about diverse technologies, including fluoridation, DDT, cyclamate, nuclear weapons testing, and birth control pills. Among his considerations are the initial source of an alarm, the biases held by its primary 'sponsors,' and the type of media coverage it receives. With 30 to 50 years of hindsight, he identifies characteristics - apparent from the outset of a controversy - that most effectively distinguish true warnings from false alarms. Early recognition and a timely response to a genuine hazard are important to protect our environment, health, and economic well-being. But if we act quickly and a warning turns out to be false, money is wasted, people are needlessly frightened, regulators lose credibility, and our ability to appropriately handle the next set of risks is compromised. Mazur's findings do not provide certainty about which of today's warnings will prove true and which will prove false. But they do help us to make informed judgments about where it is best and most reasonable to direct our worries and resources.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mazur, Allan

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltüberwachung, Umweltanalytik, Umweltinformatik
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Forschung und Information Risikobewertung, Risikotheorie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Public Health, Gesundheitsmanagement, Gesundheitsökonomie, Gesundheitspolitik
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Wissenssoziologie, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Techniksoziologie
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft | Kulturwissenschaften
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Präventivmedizin, Gesundheitsförderung, Medizinisches Screening

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface
1. True Warnings and False Alarms
2. Technology as Friend and Sometime Foe: 1900-1947
3. Lawless‘s Era: 1948-1971
4. Why Experts in Technical Controversies Disagree
5. Evaluating the Lawless Warnings: True or False?
6. Coding the Cases
7. Hallmarks of True and False Alarms
8. Hindsight and Foresight
Appendixes
I. Summary of Cases
II. Case Studies
References
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Allan Mazur is a professor of public affairs in the Maxwell School of Syracuse University. An engineer and a sociologist, he has published nearly 200 papers and 5 books, including A Hazardous Inquiry, a study of the Love Canal controversy. Mazur is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was an RFF Gilbert White Fellow in 2000 - 2001.