A Report on Health Information Activities regarding Population-Level Measurement of Nutrition and Physical Activity of Children in Europe
E-Book, Englisch, 256 Seiten
ISBN: 978-3-456-94864-5
Verlag: Hogrefe AG
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Public Health, Gesundheitsmanagement, Gesundheitsökonomie, Gesundheitspolitik
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Pädiatrie, Neonatologie
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Ernährungsmedizin, Diätetik
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Contents;6
2;Foreword;13
3;Acknowledgements;17
4;Part 1 The Public Health Challenges of Measuring the Nutritional and Physical Exercise Behaviour of Children and Adolescents Denise Alexander and Michael Rigby;19
4.1;1. The child obesity and overweight epidemic and the challenges of data gathering;20
4.2;2. Measuring children’s nutrition;43
4.3;3. Measuring children’s physical activity;78
4.4;4. Initiatives of European organisations to measure and address determinants of child obesity;103
4.5;5. Behaviour and eating disorders;128
4.6;6. The behavioural influence of advertising, marketing and labelling;140
4.7;7. Conclusion;154
5;Part 2 Available Health Information on Behavioural Determinants of Obesity in Children in Europe ;160
5.1;1. Introduction: origins, purpose and method of the EU project;161
5.2;2. Nutrition policy measures in European countries;175
5.3;3. Physical activity policy measures in European countries;202
5.4;4. Scientifically desirable child lifestyle measures related to overweight and obesity – statistical- based items;216
5.5;5. Nationally available information about Bulimia and Anorexia nervosa;220
5.6;6. Data availability in Europe and difficulty in methods of measurement;223
5.7;7. Country profile analysis;228
5.8;8. Conclusion and recommendations;240
6;Appendix 1;248
7;Appendix 2;251
"6. Data availability in Europe and difficulty in methods of measurement (S. 217-218)
This analysis assesses the national availability of key data as outlined in the preceding chapters and demonstrated in detail in the On-line Data Repository, and analyses the extent to which countries of Europe were measuring the determinants of obesity in the children and young people of the continent. Some of the countries that participated have good sources of available data, and others have a lack of data. In Germany, Greece, France, Spain and Italy, for example, the data availability is strong; in other countries, such as Cyprus, Finland, Estonia, Norway, Turkey and Latvia the data availability is moderate. Belgium, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Macedonia appear to have limited data availability, especially for physical activity variables.
Nutrition data
In general, data about nutrition was more readily available than data about physical activity. This was the case across almost all countries, and at all the age groups. Surprisingly, information about breastfeeding and the number of Baby Friendly Hospitals is rare across Europe. Countries such as Austria, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Malta, and the Slovak Republic have little if any information. Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia and the United Kingdom collect more comprehensive data about breastfeeding for babies and infants aged up to one year.
Most of the nutrition data were collected for older children – those aged over 10 years. However, this is not the case for all countries: Greece, Macedonia, Norway and the Slovak Republic have a lack of data for the older age groups. Bulgaria and Macedonia are unusual in collecting more data about the nutrition of babies and infants aged under one year than older children (aged over 10).
Cyprus, Greece and Turkey have a general lack of data. Information was prepared primarily for one age group in such countries – for example, nutrition among children aged 1-4 years is 218 available in Cyprus and Greece; and Turkey has data available for babies and infants aged up to 1 year.
Physical activity data
There was a marked lack of data about physical activity for all the age groups. In particular, the indicators on children who walk or bicycle to school (although this was collected to some extent by Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom), and on children who have access to safe places to play – defined as space, facilities, equipment, or set of activities intended to give children the opportunity to play. However, the indicators about television watching and time using computers are collected in almost all European Countries, at most of the age groups.
Comparison within Europe
In effect, four groups of countries emerged with different potential data resources describing determinants of overweight and obesity among children.
• The first group consists of three countries: Germany, France and the United Kingdom. These countries collect data for nearly all the indicators and at all the age groups.
• The second group consists of seven countries. These collect data for every age group, but not for every nutrition and physical activity indicator. The countries in this group are: Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, Macedonia, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain.
• The third group is the largest, and consists of fourteen countries. These have data for nutrition and physical activity, but not for all age groups or for all indicators. The countries in this group are Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Slovakia, and Sweden.
• The fourth group consists of three countries, and shows a lack of data (or a lack of data availability). Cyprus, Greece and Turkey have data for babies and children aged up to one year, and data for children aged up to four years, but do not report having data for older children."
